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HP OpenVMS DCL Dictionary
HP OpenVMS DCL Dictionary
SHOW WORKING_SET
On Alpha, displays the working set limit, quota, and extent (in
pagelets and CPU-specific pages) assigned to the current process.
On VAX, displays the working set limit, quota, and extent (in pages)
assigned to the current process.
Format
SHOW WORKING_SET
Parameters
None.
Qualifier
/OUTPUT[=filespec]
/NOOUTPUT
Controls where the output of the command is sent. If you do not enter
the qualifier, or if you enter the /OUTPUT qualifier without a file
specification, the output is sent to the current process default output
stream or device, identified by the logical name SYS$OUTPUT.
If you enter the /OUTPUT qualifier with a partial file specification
(for example, specifying only a directory), SHOW is the default file
name and .LIS the default file type. The asterisk (*) and the percent
sign (%) wildcard characters are not allowed in the file specification.
If you enter the /NOOUTPUT qualifier, output is suppressed.
Examples
| #1 |
$ SHOW WORKING_SET
Working Set (pagelets) /Limit= 2000 /Quota= 4000 /Extent= 6000
Adjustment enabled Authorized Quota= 4000 Authorized Extent= 6000
Working Set (8Kb pages) /Limit= 125 /Quota= 250 /Extent= 375
Authorized Quota= 250 Authorized Extent= 375
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This example shows the SHOW WORKING_SET command on Alpha. The process
has a working set limit of 2000 pagelets (125 pages) and a quota of
4000 pagelets (250 pages), and the current quota is equal to the
authorized limit (4000 pagelets; 250 pages). It also shows that the
current process has a working set extent of 6000 pagelets (375 pages)
and that the current extent is equal to the authorized limit (6000
pagelets; 375 pages). A pagelet is 512 bytes.
| #2 |
$ SHOW WORKING_SET
Working Set /Limit= 180 /Quota= 350 /Extent=1200
Adjustment enabled Authorized Quota= 350 Authorized Extent=1200
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This example shows the SHOW WORKING_SET command on VAX. The process has
a working set limit of 180 pages, a quota of 350 pages, and the quota
is equal to the authorized limit (350 pages). It also shows that the
current process has a working set extent of 1200 and that the current
extent is equal to the authorized limit (1200). Each page on a VAX is
512 bytes.
SHOW ZONE
Displays the current state of a VAXft system. For more information on
the SHOW ZONE command, refer to the VAXft systems documentation.
Applies only to a VAXft system.
Format
SHOW ZONE [zone-id]
SORT
Invokes the Sort/Merge utility, which reorders the records in a file
into a defined sequence and creates either a new file of the reordered
records or an address file by which the reordered records can be
accessed.
For more information about the Sort/Merge utility, refer to the
OpenVMS User's Manual or online help.
Format
SORT input-filespec[,...] output-filespec
SPAWN
Creates a subprocess of the current process. Portions of the current
process context are copied to the subprocess.
The RESOURCE_WAIT state is required to spawn a process.
Requires TMPMBX (temporary mailbox) or PRMMBX (permanent mailbox)
privilege. The SPAWN command does not manage terminal characteristics.
The SPAWN and ATTACH commands cannot be used if your terminal has an
associated mailbox.
Format
SPAWN [command-string]
Parameter
command-string
Specifies a command string of less than 132 characters that is to be
executed in the context of the created subprocess. When the command
completes execution, the subprocess terminates and control returns to
the parent process. If both a command string and the /INPUT qualifier
are specified, the specified command string executes before additional
commands are obtained from the /INPUT qualifier.
Description
The SPAWN command creates a subprocess of your current process with the
following attributes copied from the parent process:
- All global symbols except $RESTART, $SEVERITY, $STATUS
- All local symbols defined for the current command procedure level
- Key definitions
- The current keypad state
- The current prompt string
- All process logical names and logical name tables except those
explicitly marked CONFINE or those created in executive or kernel mode
- Default disk and directory
- Current SET MESSAGE settings
- Current process privileges
- Control and verification states
Note that some attributes, such as the process's current command
tables, are not copied.
When the subprocess is created, the process-permanent open files and
any image or procedure context are not copied from the parent
process. The subprocess is set to command level 0 (DCL level with the
current prompt).
If you do not specify the /PROCESS qualifier, the name of this
subprocess is composed of the same base name as the parent process and
a unique number. For example, if the parent process name is SKONETSKI,
the subprocess name can be SKONETSKI_1, SKONETSKI_2, and so on.
The LOGIN.COM file of the parent process is not executed for the
subprocess because the context is copied separately, allowing quicker
initialization of the subprocess. When the /WAIT qualifier is in
effect, the parent process remains in hibernation until the subprocess
terminates or returns control to the parent by way of the ATTACH
command.
More than one process simultaneously attempts to use the same input or
output stream in the following circumstances:
- When several processes share that stream and you terminate a
subprocess to which you are not currently attached
- When you terminate a process that is not spawned from the process
to which you are currently attached
You should use the LOGOUT command to terminate the subprocess and
return to the parent process. You can also use the ATTACH command to
transfer control of the terminal to another process in the subprocess
tree, including the parent process. (The SHOW PROCESS/SUBPROCESSES
command displays the processes in the subprocess tree and points to the
current process.)
Note
Because a tree of subprocesses can be established using the SPAWN
command, you must be careful when terminating any process in the tree.
When a process is terminated, all subprocesses below that point in the
tree are terminated automatically.
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Qualifiers used with the SPAWN command must directly follow the command
verb. The command string parameter begins after the last qualifier and
continues to the end of the command line.
Qualifiers
/CARRIAGE_CONTROL
/NOCARRIAGE_CONTROL
Determines whether carriage-return and line-feed characters are
prefixed to the subprocess's prompt string. By default, SPAWN copies
the current setting of the parent process.
/CLI=cli-filespec
/NOCLI
Specifies the name of a command language interpreter (CLI) to be used
by the subprocess. The default CLI is the same as the parent process
(defined in SYSUAF). If you specify the /CLI qualifier, the attributes
of the parent process are copied to the subprocess.
The CLI you specify must be located in SYS$SYSTEM and have the file
type .EXE.
/INPUT=filespec
Specifies an input file containing one or more DCL commands to be
executed by the spawned subprocess. The file type defaults to .COM. The
asterisk (*) and the percent sign (%) wildcard characters are not
allowed in the file specification. Once processing of the input file is
complete, the subprocess is terminated. If both a command string and
the /INPUT qualifier are specified, the specified command string
executes before additional commands are obtained from the /INPUT
qualifier. If neither is specified, SYS$INPUT is assumed (in which case
a SPAWN/NOWAIT command is aborted if Ctrl/Y is pressed to abort
something running in your parent process).
You cannot explicitly specify non-record-oriented, process-permanent
files (NRO PPFs) with the /INPUT qualifier. The system displays an
error message when it encounters such a file as the value for the
/INPUT qualifier.
Note that when NRO PPFs are used as implicit input (that is, the /INPUT
qualifier is not specified and SYS$INPUT is a NRO PPF), the SPAWN
command can succeed, as shown in the following table:
| Process Type |
SYS$INPUT |
Implicit Input |
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Interactive
|
NRO PPF
|
SYS$COMMAND
|
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Noninteractive
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NRO PPF
|
Null device
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Any
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Any other
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SYS$INPUT
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If SYS$INPUT is a terminal, it cannot have an associated terminal
mailbox.
/KEYPAD (default)
/NOKEYPAD
Copies keypad key definitions and the current keypad state from the
parent process. By default, if you have established key definitions or
states with the DEFINE/KEY or the SET KEY command, these settings are
copied to the subprocess. Use the /NOKEYPAD qualifier if you do not
want the key settings to be copied.
/LOG (default)
/NOLOG
Displays the assigned subprocess name and any messages indicating
transfer of control between processes.
/LOGICAL_NAMES (default)
/NOLOGICAL_NAMES
Copies process logical names and logical name tables to the subprocess.
By default, all process logical names and logical name tables are
copied to the subprocess except those explicitly marked CONFINE or
created in executive or kernel mode.
/NOTIFY
/NONOTIFY (default)
Controls whether a message is broadcast to your terminal notifying you
that your subprocess has completed or aborted. This qualifier should
not be used unless you specify the /NOWAIT qualifier. The /NOTIFY
qualifier cannot be specified when the SPAWN command is executed from
within a noninteractive process.
Note that messages broadcast as a result of using the /NOTIFY qualifier
are considered to be DCL messages. Therefore, if SET BROADCAST=NODCL is
in effect, all such notification messages are suppressed.
/OUTPUT=filespec
Specifies the output file to which the results of the SPAWN operation
are written. The asterisk (*) and the percent sign (%) wildcard
characters cannot be used in the file specification. (Do not specify
SYS$COMMAND as a file specification for the /OUTPUT qualifier when
using the /NOWAIT qualifier; both parent and subprocess output will be
displayed simultaneously on your terminal.)
Caution
If you include a version number in the filespec argument of the /OUTPUT
qualifier, and that version of the specified file already exists, the
existing file is replaced with the new output.
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You cannot explicitly specify non-record-oriented, process-permanent
files (NRO PPFs) with the /OUTPUT qualifier. The system displays an
error message when it encounters such a file as the value for the
/OUTPUT qualifier.
Note that when NRO PPFs are used as implicit output, the SPAWN command
can succeed, as shown in the following table:
| Process Type |
SYS$OUTPUT |
Implicit Output |
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Any
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NRO PPF
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Mailbox transmitting records for parent to write to its current
SYS$OUTPUT device
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Any
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Any other
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SYS$OUTPUT
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If you omit the /OUTPUT qualifier, output is written to the current
SYS$OUTPUT device.
/PRIVILEGES={CURRENT|AUTHORIZED}
Determines whether the spawned process inherits the current process'
current or authorized privileges as its authorized privileges. By
default, the authorized privilege mask for the subprocess is taken from
the current privileges of its creator. (This corresponds to
/PRIVILEGES=CURRENT.) If the /PRIVILEGES=AUTHORIZED qualifier is
specified, the subprocess' authorized privileges will be taken from the
caller's authorized privileges.
/PROCESS=subprocess-name
Specifies the name of the subprocess to be created. If you omit the
/PROCESS qualifier, a unique process name is assigned with the same
base name as the parent process and a unique number.
The default subprocess name format is username_n. If you
specify a process name that already exists, an error message is
displayed. If the /LOG qualifier has been specified, the assigned name
of the subprocess is displayed.
Note
Beginning in OpenVMS Version 7.3-1 (Alpha only), the default
constructed process name for subprocesses has changed. Instead of
incrementally searching for the next unique number, a random number is
chosen to append to the user name. Therefore, the first processes that
are spawned from user SYSTEM might be SYSTEM_154, SYSTEM_42, SYSTEM_87,
and so on.
Prior to OpenVMS Version 7.3-1, if no process name was supplied, the
system constructed a name by appending _n to the user name, where n was
the next available non-duplicate integer for any process currently in
the system. For example, the first spawned process from user SYSTEM
would be called SYSTEM_1, the second, SYSTEM_2, and so on. The next
available number was chosen as soon as a gap was found.
Some applications may rely on the previous method of assigning
subprocess names. The DCL_CTLFLAGS system parameter allows you to
configure the system as necessary. Refer to the HP OpenVMS System Management Utilities Reference Manual for more
information.
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/PROMPT[=string]
Specifies the prompt string for DCL to use in the subprocess. The
default is the prompt of the parent process.
The string can consist of more than one character. All valid ASCII
characters can be used in the string. The string must be enclosed in
quotation marks (" ") if it contains spaces, special
characters, or lowercase characters. Otherwise, letters are
automatically converted to uppercase, and leading and trailing spaces
are removed.
If no string is specified, the dollar sign ($) DCL default prompt
string is used for the subprocess.
/SYMBOLS (default)
/NOSYMBOLS
Determines whether global and local symbols (except $RESTART,
$SEVERITY, and $STATUS) are passed to the subprocess. $RESTART,
$SEVERITY, and $STATUS symbols are never passed to the
subprocess.
/TABLE=command-table
Specifies the name of an alternate command table to be used by the
subprocess.
/TRUSTED
/NOTRUSTED
Indicates that the SPAWN command input originates in a trusted command
procedure. SPAWN commands are not allowed in CAPTIVE accounts. The
/TRUSTED qualifier provides a way for properly written captive command
procedures to perform SPAWN operations when the command input
originates in the captive command procedure where it can be trusted.
For more information about trusted command procedures, refer to the
HP OpenVMS Guide to System Security.
/WAIT (default)
/NOWAIT
Requires that you wait for the subprocess to terminate before you enter
another DCL command. The /NOWAIT qualifier allows you to enter new
commands while the subprocess is running. (Use the /OUTPUT qualifier
with the /NOWAIT qualifier to avoid displaying both parent and
subprocess output on the terminal simultaneously.)
Note that specifying the /NOWAIT qualifier causes both input and output
to be shared with the parent process. If the input device is a
terminal, control characters, such as Ctrl/T or Ctrl/Y, also affect all
subprocesses sharing the input device. The Ctrl/Y control character,
for example, interrupts all such subprocesses.
This problem may be avoided by specifying /INPUT=NL:.
Example
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$ RUN MYPROG
.
.
.
$ [Ctrl/Y]
$ SPAWN MAIL
%DCL-S-SPAWNED, process SKONETSKI_1 spawned
%DCL-S-ATTACHED, terminal now attached to process SKONETSKI_1
MAIL> READ
.
.
.
MAIL> EXIT
%DCL-S-RETURNED, control returned to process SKONETSKI
$ CONTINUE
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The SPAWN command in this example allows you to enter the OpenVMS Mail
utility (MAIL) without terminating the currently running program. After
you exit from Mail, control is returned to the parent process.
START/CPU
Starts the specified secondary processor or processors (and any
associated vector processors). The /CPU qualifier is required.
Applies only to OpenVMS multiprocessing systems. Requires
CMKRNL (change mode to kernel) privilege.
Format
START/CPU [cpu-id[,...]]
Parameter
cpu-id[,...]
Specifies a decimal value representing the identity of a processor in a
OpenVMS multiprocessing system. On a VAX 6000 system or an Alpha 7000
system, the CPU ID is the backplane slot number of the processor. If
you do not specify a CPU ID and do not include the /ALL qualifier, the
START/CPU command selects a single available processor to join the
multiprocessing system.
Description
The START/CPU command starts a secondary processor in a OpenVMS
multiprocessing system.
You can issue a START/CPU command only for processors in the STOPPED or
TIMOUT state, as represented by the SHOW CPU command; otherwise, the
START/CPU command has no effect.
Qualifiers
/ALL
Selects all remaining processors in the system's available set to join
the multiprocessing system.
/DEFAULT_CAPABILITIES
Eliminates all previous capability (user and system) modifications for
the specified CPU and reinitializes them with the values in the global
initialization variable SCH$GL_DEFAULT_CPU_CAP.
Normally, user capabilities survive CPU shutdowns and restarts (not
reboots), making the downtime as transparent to the user as possible.
The CPU user capability bits are only initialized from
SCH$GL_DEFAULT_CPU_CAP at the first boot of the CPU. (The system
capability bits, however, are reinitialized to their defaults taken
from SCH$GL_DEFAULT_CPU_CAP.)
However, there may be times when the CPU needs to be returned to a
known, consistent state. The /DEFAULT_CAPABILITIES qualifier mimics the
behavior of the initial bootstrap of the CPU.
/POWER[=ON] (Alpha only)
Powers on the CPU prior to bringing the CPU into the active set.
Supported only on AlphaServer GS series systems.
Examples
The START/CPU command in this example selects a single inactive
processor from the set of those processors that are currently available
but inactive. When it completes its initialization, the selected
processor becomes part of the system's active set and is capable of
scheduling and executing processes.
The START/CPU command in this example selects the processors with CPU
IDs 4 and 7, if they are currently available and inactive. When they
complete initialization, these processors become part of the system's
active set and are capable of scheduling and executing processes.
The START/CPU/ALL command in this example selects all remaining
inactive and available processors. When they complete initialization,
these processors become part of the system's active set and are capable
of scheduling and executing processes.
START/NETWORK
Starts or restarts the specified network service on the local node. The
/NETWORK qualifier is required.
Format
START/NETWORK network-service
Parameter
network-service
Specifies the name of the network service to be started or restarted.
Description
The START/NETWORK command causes a network service to begin executing
on the local node.
Use the STOP/NETWORK command to pause the network.
Example
This command starts the DECnet network service.
START/QUEUE
Starts or restarts the specified queue after it has been initialized.
You also can use this command to change the options of the specified
queue. The /QUEUE qualifier is required.
Requires manage (M) access to the queue.
Format
START/QUEUE queue-name[:]
Parameter
queue-name[:]
Specifies the name of the queue to be started or restarted.
Description
The START/QUEUE command restarts a queue that has been stopped or
paused. You must create the queue with the INITIALIZE/QUEUE command
before you can use the START/QUEUE command. To create and start the
queue at the same time, use the INITIALIZE/QUEUE/START command.
If the specified queue is an autostart queue, the START/QUEUE command
activates the queue for autostart.
The queue begins processing jobs when autostart is enabled with the
ENABLE AUTOSTART/QUEUES command for any node on which the queue can run.
You can specify with the START/QUEUE command most qualifiers that can
be used with the INITIALIZE/QUEUE command. The defaults for the
START/QUEUE qualifiers depend on the qualifiers specified when the
queue was initialized. For example, the default for /JOB_LIMIT with
INITIALIZE/QUEUE is 1. However, if the queue you are altering was
initialized with a job limit of 3, and if you do not specify the
/JOB_LIMIT qualifier with the START/QUEUE command, the job limit
remains at 3 for that queue.
Values or options specified with qualifiers on the START/QUEUE command
override the values or options of those same qualifiers that were
specified when the queue was initialized.
If the specified queue is running when you enter the START/QUEUE
command, the system returns an error message. To change the options of
a running queue, use the SET QUEUE command. To change queue options
that cannot be altered with the SET QUEUE command, use the following
procedure:
- Stop the queue with the STOP/QUEUE/NEXT command.
- Restart the queue with the START/QUEUE or INITIALIZE/QUEUE/START
command, specifying the appropriate qualifiers for the options you
desire.
The /TOP_OF_FILE, /BACKWARD, /FORWARD, /SEARCH, /ALIGN, and /NEXT
qualifiers are effective only when restarting an output execution queue
from a paused state. They do not apply to queues that are stopped or to
batch queues. When you specify more than one of the first five of these
qualifiers, the print symbiont processes them in the following order:
- /TOP_OF_FILE
- /BACKWARD
- /FORWARD
- /SEARCH
- /ALIGN
Qualifiers
/ALIGN[=(option[,...])]
Prints alignment pages to aid in aligning printer forms. Use this
qualifier only when restarting an output execution queue from a paused
state.
After the alignment is complete, the queue enters a paused state until
you restart it by reentering the START/QUEUE command. Printing resumes
from the point where alignment data started; that is, the task is
backspaced over the pages printed for alignment.
Possible options are as follows:
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MASK
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Specifies that input data is masked by replacing alphabetic characters
with x's and numbers with 9s; nonalphanumeric characters are not
masked. Mask characters allow you to prevent the printing of sensitive
information. If you omit the MASK option, data is printed unaltered.
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|
n
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Specifies the number of alignment pages to print. The value of
n can be from 1 to 20. By default, one page of alignment data
is printed.
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/AUTOSTART_ON=(node::[device][,...])
Designates the queue as an autostart execution queue and specifies the
node, or node and device, on which the queue can be located. Both
node and device must be specified for output queues.
For batch queues, only node is applicable.
In an OpenVMS Cluster, you can specify more than one node (or node and
device) on which a queue can run, in the preferred order in which nodes
should claim the queue. This allows the queue to fail over to another
node if the node on which the queue is running leaves the cluster.
For autostart queues, the START/QUEUE command activates the queue for
autostart. The queue will begin processing jobs when the ENABLE
AUTOSTART/QUEUES command is entered for a node on which the queue can
run.
This qualifier cannot be used with the /ON or /GENERIC qualifier;
however, you can specify the /AUTOSTART_ON qualifier for a queue
previously created or started with the /ON qualifier. Doing so
overrides the /ON option and makes the queue an autostart queue.
For more information about autostart queues, refer to the chapter about
managing queues in the HP OpenVMS System Manager's Manual.
/BACKWARD=n
Restarts a print queue n pages before the current page;
n defaults to 1. If you omit the page value, printing resumes
at the top of the current page. Use this qualifier only when restarting
an output execution queue from a paused state.
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