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HP OpenVMS System Manager's Manual, Volume 2:... |
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| access control list (ACL) | A protection mechanism using a more refined level of protection than that available with UIC-based protection. ACLs can be used to grant or deny access to individual users or groups of users. |
| access mode | Any of the four processor access modes in which software executes. Processor access modes prevent system software from inadvertently performing operations that might damage the system. Processor access modes are in order from most to least privileged and protected: kernel, executive, supervisor, and user. When the processor is in any mode other than kernel mode, the processor is inhibited from executing privileged instructions. |
| account | Each system user has an account. When you log in, you log in under a particular account name and number. This number informs the system where your files are and what kind of access to other files and system facilities you should be given. |
| accounting files | Files where the system stores information about resource use. Compare with current accounting file. |
| active set | In a multiprocessing system, the subset of processors that have successfully run power-on diagnostics and are actively participating in system operations. Compare with available set. |
| active values | With system parameters, the set of values that is stored in memory and is used by the active system. When the system boots, it reads into memory the current values stored in a parameter file on disk. |
| adjacent node | In a network, a node that is connected to your node by a single physical line. |
| allocation class | In an OpenVMS Cluster environment, for devices that are dual-ported between two computers, a numeric value used to create a unique, path-independent device name. |
| answer file | A file in the form SYS$UPDATE:product.ANS. The file is created when you install a product initially, and you specify the Auto-Answer option. The file contains a record of the answers you entered when you ran VMSINSTAL.COM to install that product initially. |
| application service | A LAT service in which LAN users can access only a specific program. Contrast with general timesharing service. |
| area router | In a network, a node that performs routing operations between areas and within its own area. Also called a level 2 router. Compare with level 1 router. |
| autoconfiguration | Autoconfiguration is the process of discovering the hardware devices on a system and loading the appropriate device drivers. |
| autostart feature | A feature that simplifies startup and ensures high
availability of execution queues in an OpenVMS Cluster environment.
It lets you perform the following actions:
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| autostart queue | An execution queue that takes advantage of the autostart feature. When you create a queue, you can designate it as an autostart queue. |
| available set | In a multiprocessing system, those processors that have successfully completed the system's power-on hardware diagnostics and may or may not be actively involved in the system. Compare with active set. |
| backlink | In Files--11 disk structure, a pointer to the directory in which a file resides. |
| banner page | A specially formatted page that prints at the beginning and end of print jobs and files within print jobs. These pages are helpful in identifying and separating output jobs, and the files within those jobs, when they are printed. |
| base process priority | A base priority value that the system uses to schedule a process. Priorities range from a low of 0 to a high of 31; 0 through 15 are timesharing priorities and 16 through 31 are real-time priorities. Compare with job scheduling priority. |
| batch execution queue | An execution queue that can accept only batch jobs. |
| batch job | A detached process that sequentially runs one or more command procedures. The user defines the list of command procedures when submitting the job to a batch queue. |
| batch mode | An execution mode in which you can execute a command procedure by submitting the procedure to a batch queue. When resources are available, the system creates a detached process to execute the commands in the procedure. Usually, processes running in batch mode execute at a lower process priority, to avoid competing with interactive users for system resources. |
| beginning-of-tape (BOT) marker | A piece of photoreflective tape that delimits the beginning of the writable area on a tape volume. |
| binding | On an InfoServer system, a function that creates a virtual device unit on a local OpenVMS system. |
| block | On Files--11 disks, the basic unit by which disk space is allocated (512 8-bit bytes). On magnetic tape, the size of a block is determined by the user. |
| boot block | Virtual block 1 of the index file. The boot (or bootstrap) block is almost always mapped to the logical block 0 of the volume. The book block contains the location and size of the primary bootstrap image, which is used to boot the system. Certain processors, in order to boot, must read the boot block to obtain the location of the primary bootstrap image. |
| booting | Also called bootstrapping, the process of loading system software from the system disk into processor memory. You must install the operating system before you boot the system for the first time. See also conversational boot and nonstop boot. |
| bootstrapping | See booting. |
| bpi | Bits per inch; a measure used for characters of data on tape. Also called density. |
| caching | A performance enhancement in which the system stores information in memory; this includes information about a disk volume's free space, file identifications, quota file entries, and file headers. |
| capability | On VAX systems, software that makes the services of the vector processor available to system users. |
| cathedral windows | Segmented windows created from mapping windows; useful for reducing the overhead required to read large files. The Buffered I/O Byte Count Limit (BITLM) limits the number of cathedral windows a user can create. |
| circuit | In a network, a communications data path that connects adjacent nodes. A circuit is not a physical data path but, rather, a logical connection that operates over a physical connection (a line). All input and output (I/O) between nodes takes place over circuits. |
| cluster | On Files--11 media, a logical grouping of blocks;
the basic unit by which disk space is allocated. See also OpenVMS Cluster system. |
| CMIP | See Common Management Information Protocol. |
| command procedure | A file containing DCL commands and, optionally, data used by those commands. When you execute a command procedure, the system reads the file and executes the commands it contains. This eliminates the need for you to enter each command separately. You can use command procedures to efficiently perform routine tasks. A command procedure can also be executed in batch mode. |
| command string | The complete specification of a command, including the command name, command qualifiers, parameters, and parameter qualifiers. Because a command can be continued on more than one line, the term is used to define the entire command. |
| Common Management Information Protocol (CMIP) | Draft standard for network management operations on which DECnet-Plus network management protocol is based. CMIP is used for encoding network management operations that can be performed on an entity. CMIP permits the exchange of information between a director and an agent. CMIP supersedes the Phase IV Network Information and Control Exchange (NICE) protocol. |
| Compact Disc Read-Only Memory (CD--ROM) | Computer discs similar to the CD--ROMs used for audio applications. The major difference is that CD--ROM computer disc players have a digital (rather than an audio) interface. |
| configuration database | In a network, each node has a configuration database that includes information about the node and other nodes with which it can communicate. The configuration database is made up of a permanent database and volatile database. |
| connection manager | In an OpenVMS Cluster environment, the component that dynamically defines the OpenVMS Cluster system and coordinates participation of computers in the cluster. |
| conversational boot | A booting operation in which you stop to perform
special operations -- for example, to change system parameter values
-- before booting. Contrast with nonstop boot. Conversational boot operations are common in programming research and development environments where you must alter operating conditions for experimentation, testing, and debugging. |
| Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) | International standard for measuring time of day. |
| crash dump | When the operating system detects an unrecoverable error or an inconsistency within itself that causes the system to fail, it writes the contents of the error log buffers, processor registers, and memory into the system dump file. |
| crash history file | A file storing information about system crashes. Use the Crash Log Utility Extractor (CLUE) to display the contents of the crash history file to understand and resolve the issues responsible for crashes, and to obtain other useful data. |
| current accounting file | In an OpenVMS Cluster environment, an accounting file for a particular node. By default, the current accounting file is SYS$MANAGER:ACCOUNTNG.DAT. |
| current values | With system parameters, the set of values that is stored in the default parameter file on disk and are used to boot the system. When the system boots, it reads the current parameter values into memory to create active values. |
| cylinder | On a disk, consists of all tracks at the same radius on all recording surfaces of the disk. |
| data area | One of two divisions of CD--ROM volume space; includes the remaining volume space, beginning with logical sector 16. |
data record storage Within tape files, data records are stored in variable-size data blocks. Each block contains one or more records. RMS provides management of records.
DECevent On Alpha systems, the event management utility that provides an interface between a system user and the operating system's event log files.
DECnet Generic name for the software and hardware products that allow various HP operating systems to participate in a network. DECnet allows a system to function as a node in a network. See also DECnet Phase IV, DECnet-Plus for OpenVMS, and TCP/IP Services for OpenVMS.
DECnet Phase IV Older version of DECnet; available for separate installation as a layered product.
DECnet-Plus for OpenVMS The version of DECnet that is available with the installation procedure for the OpenVMS operating system. DECnet-Plus is HP's implementation of the Digital Network Architecture (DNA) Phase V.
default values With system parameters, the set of values provided on your distribution kit and stored in the default list. These values allow you to boot any supported configuration.
density A measurement, in bits per inch, used for characters of data on tape.
device Hardware that allows access to storage media; also called drive.
device control library A text library that contains user-written modules consisting of text or escape sequences. See also device control module.
device control library module A user-written module in a device control library. Device control library modules can be used for the following purposes:
device driver A system component that controls I/O operations for a particular device type. For a device to function on a system, the device must be connected and the device driver must be loaded into memory.
TCP/IP Services for OpenVMS HP's implementation of the TCP/IP protocol suite and Internet services for OpenVMS Alpha and VAX operating systems.)
disk Physical media on which files reside.
disk quota A method for maintaining and enforcing limits on the amount of disk space available to users on a public volume. See also quota file.
drive Hardware that allows access to storage media; also called device.
end node In a network, a node that does not perform routing operations.
end-of-tape (EOT) marker A piece of photoreflective tape that delimits the end of the writable area on a tape volume.
ERRFMT process System process that periodically empties the error log buffers, transforms the descriptions of the errors into standard formats, and stores the formatted information in the error log file on the system disk.
error log dump file On Alpha systems, file to which the contents of error log buffers are written (in addition to the system dump file). The error log dump file is provided so that the system can be updated on reboot to include error log entries that were created but not written at the time of a system crash.
error log file The operating system automatically records device and CPU error messages in this file. The Error Log utility invokes the Error Report Formatter (ERF) to selectively report the contents of an error log file.
Error Report Formatter (ERF) A system component invoked by the Error Log utility to selectively report the contents of the error log file.
Ethernet A single shared network channel, with all nodes having equal access to the channel. Ethernet offers local and remote connections as one integral network.
event classes Categories of security-relevant events. The system always audits several event classes.
executable image An image that can be run in a process. It is linked with the /EXECUTABLE qualifier (or without the /SHAREABLE qualifier) of the Linker utility.
execution queue A queue that accepts batch or print jobs for processing. Compare with generic queue.
executive A set of programs in the operating system that controls the running of routines that perform I/O, resource allocation, and program execution. See also executive routines.
executive mode The second most privileged processor access mode. OpenVMS Record Management Services (RMS) and many system service procedures execute in executive mode.
executive routines System routines that detect errors and events and write relevant information into error log buffers in memory. See also executive
expiration date The Files--11 On-Disk Structure uses the expiration date of a file to track the use of a file. The expiration date aids in the disposal of seldom-used files.
extent On Files--11 volumes, contiguous blocks allocated to a particular file.
feedback Information, continuously collected by the executive, about the amount of various resources the system uses to process its work load. When run in feedback mode, AUTOGEN analyzes this information and adjusts the values for any related system parameters.
field In a UAF record, a portion of the record you modify with the Authorize utility. The values you assign to each field perform the following functions:
file On Files--11 media, an array of consecutive virtual blocks, numbered 1 to n, plus a set of attributes with values. A file is either a data file or a directory file. Directories can contain both data files and directory files.
file banner page A banner page that separates files within a job; users can override the file banner page settings you set for a queue.
file header On a Files--11 volume, describes a portion of a file on the volume. File headers contain information such as the owner UIC, protection code, creation date and time, and access control list (ACL) .
file operation In the Backup utility, an operation that processes individual files or directories.
Files--11 On--Disk Structure A logical structure given to information stored on a disk; it is a hierarchical organization of files, their data, and the directories needed to gain access to them.
Files--11 volume A disk volume that uses Files-11 On-Disk Structure and is mounted on a device.
full backup See image backup.
full names On VAX systems, hierarchically structured DECnet-Plus node names that can be stored in a DECdns naming service. Full names on VAX systems can be a maximum of 255 bytes long.
gateway In a TCP/IP network, a computer that is connected to two networks and routes packets from one to the other.
general timesharing service A LAT service offering processing resources to users in the LAN. Contrast with application service.
generic batch queue A generic queue that can direct jobs only to batch execution queues.
Generic batch queues are typically used in OpenVMS Cluster environments to distribute the batch work load across several nodes.
generic output queue A generic queue can direct jobs to any output execution queue. Generic output queues are typically used to distribute the output work load among several identical printers.
generic queue A queue that holds batch or print jobs until they are transferred to an execution queue for processing.
A generic queue holds a job until an appropriate execution queue becomes available to initiate the job. The queue manager then requeues the job to the available execution queue.
group volume A volume available to all the users in a group. Compare to system volume.
header labels On magnetic tape, labels containing information such as the file name, creation date, and expiration date. When you create a file on magnetic tape, the magnetic tape file system writes header labels immediately preceding the data block. To access a file on magnetic tape by the file name, the file system searches the tape for the header label set that contains the specified file name.
header resident image A known image for which the header of the image file remains permanently resident in memory, saving one disk I/O operation per file access.
home block A block in a Files--11 volume that identifies it as a Files-11 volume. Usually, the home block is the next block after the boot block (block 0). If for some reason the home block cannot be read (is physically unusable), an alternative block is selected for use as the home block. This block provides specific information about the volume and default values for files on the volume.
host In a TCP/IP network, each end system connected to a TCP/IP network. Each host has a unique name and address. The local host is the system you are using, and the remote host is the system with which you are communicating.
identification record A record of a file header that contains a summary of disk and volume characteristics.
IDP See new domain part.
image A collection of procedures and data bound together by the Linker utility to form an executable program. Executable programs can be executed (or run) by a process. Usually, executable programs have the file type .EXE.
image backup Also called a full backup. A Backup utility operation that saves a copy of all the files on a disk (or volume) to a special file called a save set. See also image operation.
image compare A Backup utility operation that compares the contents of entire volumes.
image copy A Backup utility operation that creates a new Files--11 On-Disk Structure on the output disk and copies an entire volume; the image backup is a logical duplicate of the contents of the disk.
image operation A Backup utility operation that processes all files on the input disk.
image registry A file associated with the Image Registry facility. To continue using a compatible application image that depends on a previous operating system version, you can register the image in the Image Registry.
image restore A Backup utility operation that initializes the output disk and restores an entire volume.
incremental backup A Backup utility operation that saves only those files that have been created or modified since the most recent backup that was performed using the /RECORD qualifier. (The /RECORD qualifier records the date and time that the files are backed up.)
incremental restore A Backup utility operation that restores an incremental save set.
InfoServer system An Ethernet-based, high-performance, virtual device server. The InfoServer system can serve physical device media and sets of logical disk blocks to client systems in a local area network (LAN). Systems running the appropriate client software can connect to virtual devices served by the InfoServer system and use them as though they are locally attached devices.
initialization file In certain utilities, a file used each time you invoke the utility. In the initialization file, you can perform tasks such as defining keys and setting up your environment.
installation procedure The procedure for installing the operating system for the first time. Also, a procedure for installing a layered product.
IRG (interrecord gap) On magnetic tape, the interval of space between blocks.
job banner pages banner pages that identify jobs; users cannot override job banner pages that you set for a queue. Compare with file banner pages.
job controller The system process that creates a process to perform the tasks in a batch job.
job scheduling priority A priority value that the system uses to schedule batch or print jobs in a queue. Job scheduling priorities range from a low of 0 to a high of 255. Compare with base process priority
kernel mode The most privileged processor access mode. The operating system's most privileged services, such as I/O drivers and the pager, run in kernel mode. When in kernel mode, the processor has complete control of, and responsibility for, the system.
key processes Processes that are dumped immediately following PT, S0/S1, and S2, including transition pages that link back. The system manager can designate additional processes to be treated as key processes. Key processes have priority over other processes in a dump, thus ensuring that the selected processes are successfully written when the dump file is too small to contain all processes.
known file list An internal data structure on which the system defines known images. Each entry in the known file list identifies the file name of the known image and the attributes with which it was installed.
known image An image installed with the Install utility (INSTALL). When you install an image, the image is assigned attributes and becomes known to the system.
LASTport protocol A specialized LAN transport protocol, implemented by the InfoServer software, that allows many clients to access InfoServer systems and perform reliable device read and write operations.
The LASTport/DISK protocol and LASTport/TAPE protocol are specialized disk and tape protocols that use the LASTport protocol.
See also InfoServer system.
LAT protocol Protocol, implemented by the LAT software, that allows the operating system to offer resources, or LAT services that terminal servers can access.
LAT service announcements Multicast messages sent by LAT service nodes and used to create a database of service nodes available.
LAT service node A system that supports incoming LAT connections or a system that offers LAT services.
LAT services Computing resources made available to users in the LAN through the LAT software. A LAT service can be a general timesharing service or an application service.
level 1 router In a network, a node that performs routing operations within a single area. Compare with level 2 router.
level 2 router In a network, a node that performs routing operations between areas and within its own area. Also called an area router. Compare with level 1 router.
license Many software vendors provide software to their customers under an agreement called a license. Although the term license can have specific legal connotations, for the purpose of this manual a license refers to the authorization you have to use a product.
The License Management facility (LMF) lets you register, manage, and track software licenses on line. See also Product Authorization Key (PAK) .
lines In a network, physical data paths that connect adjacent nodes. Communications lines connect your computer to the DECnet network.
In a TCP/IP network, a line is the physical path over which data can pass from one host to another.
load address The location in memory (specified in hexadecimal notation) to which the system loads the bootstrap image.
Local Area VAXcluster configuration A VAXcluster configuration in which a single VAX computer serves as the management center of the cluster, plus one or more VAX computers that are connected to this hub.
local cluster In the System Management utility (SYSMAN), the node from which you are executing SYSMAN.
local node In a network, the node on which you are working.
In the System Management utility (SYSMAN), the node on which you execute SYSMAN.
Contrast with remote node.
logical block Organizational unit of volume space. The logical block size cannot exceed the logical sector size.
logical block numbering Begins with the first byte in the volume space and continues in a sequentially ascending order through the remainder of the volume space.
logical link In a network, connects two processes and carries a stream of two-way communications traffic between the processes over a circuit. A single circuit established between two nodes can support many logical links concurrently.
logical name table A table containing definitions of systemwide logical names that can be used by any process in the system.
logical queue A special type of generic output queue that transfers print jobs to another output execution queue. You might use this kind of queue to temporarily redirect a queue when the device on which it runs is broken.
logical sector Organizational unit of a volume; consists of one or more physical sectors. No more than one logical sector can begin in any physical sector.
Logical sectors are numbered in ascending order, with 0 assigned to the logical sector having the lowest physical address containing recorded data. Each logical sector includes a data field made up of 2048 or more bytes (the number of bytes always equals a power of 2).
login command procedure A command procedure that executes each time a user logs in. Add commands to a login command procedure to execute commands when a user logs in, for example, to set up the user environment.
login (LGI) system parameters System parameters that control login functions. The names of these system parameters begin with LGI.
loopback tests In a network, a series of tests to help determine whether the network is operating properly.
lost file A file that is not linked to a directory. When you delete a directory file (a file with the file type .DIR) without first deleting its subordinate files, the files referred to by that directory become lost files. Lost files are a nonproductive use of disk space and act as debits against a user's disk quota.
Magnetic Tape Ancillary Control Process (MTACP) The internal software process of the operating system that interprets the logical format of standard labeled tape volumes.
maintenance release A release of the operating system that is applied with an update procedure.
managers Devices on the network through which management is done using the Extensible Simple Network Management Protocol (eSNMP). Managers exchange information with master agents or subagents, which are devices such as routers and servers on the network being managed.
mandatory update A software update that is required immediately after upgrading or installing the operating system.
mass storage control protocol (MSCP) server In an OpenVMS Cluster environment, the component that implements the MSCP protocol, which is used to communicate with a controller for DSA disks, such as RA-series disks. In conjunction with one or both of the disk class device drivers (DUDRIVER, DSDRIVER), the MSCP server implements this protocol on a computer, allowing the computer to function as a storage controller.
master agents Devices such as routers and servers on the network being managed (using the Extensible Simple Network Management Protocol (eSNMP) ). Master agents or subagents exchange information with managers, which are the devices on the network through which the management is done.
master file directory (MFD) The file that contains the name of all user file directories on a disk.
media The physical substance on which you can store data.
mount verification A recovery mechanism for disk and tape operations. If a device goes off line or is write-locked while mount verification is enabled, you can correct the problem and continue the operation.
multivolume file A file that is continued on another volume when the data blocks of a file or related files do not physically fit on one volume (a reel of magnetic tape).
network A means of connecting computers that allows them to share or transfer information or communications. A network includes two or more computers that are connected, and the hardware and software that makes those connections.
network proxy account A user account that allows users on a remote node in a network to access data by way of a local account on your system. Proxy accounts are useful when you want to grant one or more users on a remote node access to specific files but you do not want to give them a private account on your system.
new domain part (IDP) Unique network identifier that allows users on a DECnet-Plus network to communicate with users on other OSI networks, either through electronic mail, EDI, FTAM, VTP, or other internetwork utilities.
node In a network, a computer system that is connected to another system in a network -- by means of cables, telephone lines, microwave and satellite links, for example.
nonlocal cluster In the System Management utility (SYSMAN), any cluster other than the one from which you are executing SYSMAN.
nonlocal environment In the System Management utility (SYSMAN), your environment when you are not working on your local node or within your own cluster.
nonstop boot The most common booting operation. You perform a nonstop boot if you do not want to stop to perform special operations -- for example, to change system parameter values -- before booting. Contrast with conversational boot.
object In a network, a process to which a logical link connects. Some objects are DECnet programs -- for example, the Mail object; other objects are user-written programs.
For two programs to communicate over the network, the source program on the local node establishes a logical link with the object on the remote node.
OPCOM messages Messages broadcast by the Operator Communication Manager (OPCOM). These messages are displayed on operator terminals and written to the operator log file. The messages might be general messages that you send, user requests, operator replies, or system events.
OPCOM process The system process that manages Operator Communication Manager (OPCOM) operations.
OpenVMS Cluster system A loosely coupled configuration of two or more computers and storage subsystems. An OpenVMS Cluster system appears as a single system to the user, even though it shares some or all of the system resources. When a group of computers shares resources in an OpenVMS Cluster environment, the storage and computing resources of all the computers are combined, which can increase the processing power.
operator log file The Operator Communication Manager (OPCOM) records messages in this file. The file is named SYS$MANAGER:OPERATOR.LOG.
operator terminals Terminals designated to display messages broadcast by the Operator Communication Manager (OPCOM). Usually, the console terminal (with the device name OPA0:) is the operator terminal. However, you can designate any user terminal as an operator terminal.
output execution queue A queue that accepts jobs for processing by a symbiont. The queue manager sends the symbiont a list of files, which the user defines when submitting the job. An output symbiont transfers data from a disk to an output device. As the symbiont processes each file, it produces output for the device it controls, such as a printer or a terminal.
owner UIC Used with UIC-based protection, usually the UIC of the person who created a file or volume.
page A unit used for allocating and deallocating memory.
On VAX systems, a page is 512 bytes.
On Alpha systems, a page can be 8 kilobytes (KB) (8192 bytes), 16KB, 32KB, or 64KB. The initial set of Alpha computers uses a page size of 8192 bytes. Compare with pagelet.
page file In a paging operation, the file to which the system writes paged portions of memory. Your distribution kit includes a page file named SYS$SYSTEM:PAGEFILE.SYS. If necessary, SYS$SYSTEM:PAGEFILE.SYS can be used in place of the system crash dump file.
pagelet On Alpha systems, a unit of memory in a 512-byte quantity. One Alpha pagelet is the same size as one VAX page. Also, on an Alpha 8KB computer, 16 Alpha pagelets equal 1 Alpha page.
page setup module A device control module inserted at the beginning of each page of a print job.
paging A memory management operation to efficiently use the physical memory allotted to a process by moving information between physical memory and files stored on disk. In paging, the system moves infrequently used portions of a process workspace out of physical memory to a file. Compare with swapping.
PAK See Product Authorization Key (PAK) .
partition A logical subset of a read/write disk. A single disk can be subdivided into several partitions, each of which of which can be used independently. The partitions appear to be whole disks.
permanent database In a network, a permanent copy of the DECnet configuration database. When you start the network, the permanent database provides the initial values for the volatile database. Changes remain after the network is shut down, but do not affect the current system.
permanently open image A known image where directory information on the image file remains permanently resident in memory, eliminating the usual directory search required to locate a file.
physical dump A crash dump containing the entire contents of physical memory to the system dump file. Compare with selective dump.
physical operation In the Backup utility, an operation that copies, saves, restores, or compares an entire volume by logical blocks, ignoring any file structure.
physical sector Division of a system or data area; smallest addressable unit on an ISO 9660 CD--ROM.
primary bootstrap image Program that the boot block points to, which allows access to the system disk by finding the the secondary bootstrap image, SYSBOOT.EXE, and loading it into memory.
On VAX systems, the primary bootstrap image is VMB.EXE.
On Alpha systems, the primary bootstrap image is APB.EXE.
primary page and swap files The default page file and swap file provided with your distribution kit. These files are named SYS$SYSTEM:PAGEFILE.SYS and SYS$SYSTEM:SWAPFILE.SYS. Contrast with secondary page and swap files.
primary processor In a multiprocessing system, the processor that is either logically or physically attached to the console device and is the target of the console commands that bootstrap the multiprocessing system. The primary processor is responsible for starting other processors in the multiprocessing system. It also serves as the system timekeeper.
print forms You can use print forms with output queues to determine certain page formatting attributes (such as margins and page length). In addition, the paper stock specified in a form determines whether a job is printed; if the stock of a job's form does not match the stock of the form mounted on the queue, the job is not printed.
HP supplies a default print form named DEFAULT. You can create additional forms if users need help formatting output, or if certain print jobs require special paper.
print job An entry in an output queue that specifies a file or files to be printed on a printer. The user defines the file or files to be printed when submitting the job. When a printer is available, the queue manager sends the file to a symbiont for formatting and printing.
printer queue A type of output execution queue that uses a symbiont to direct output to a printer. Compare with server queue and terminal queue.
priority See base process priority or job scheduling priority.
private volume A file-structured disk volume that contains only private files.
privileged image A known image where increased privileges are temporarily assigned to any process running the image, permitting the process to exceed its user authorization file (UAF) privilege restrictions during execution of the image. In this way, users with normal privileges can run programs that require higher-than-normal privileges.
privileges A means of restricting the functions users are authorized to perform on the system. System managers require privileges that are denied to most users.
process limits and quotas User authorization file (UAF) parameters you can set for a user account to control the usage of system resources by processes in that account. (UAF parameters are different than system parameters.) You set values for process limits and quotas using the Authorize utility.
Product Authorization Key (PAK) Information, typically on a piece of paper, provided for many HP products. The data provided in the PAK allows you to register a software license in the license database on a system.
product configuration file (PCF) Optional POLYCENTER Software Installation utility file that might be supplied by the software manufacturer, or you can create it. A PCF contains responses to some or all of the installation questions for a product. It can provide default or required choices, which might differ from the default choices provided in the PDF.
product database (PDB) Database that is created automatically by the POLYCENTER Software Installation utility. When products are installed, the files and other objects that make up the product, such as directories and accounts, are recorded in the PDB. The configuration choices made during installation are also recorded.
product description file (PDF) File provided by the software manufacturer containing all the information the POLYCENTER Software Installation utility needs for installing either a software product or a set of software products.
product text file (PTF) POLYCENTER Software Installation utility file that is optionally supplied by the software manufacturer. It provides information about the product including product name, producer, configuration choice descriptions, and message text used during product installation.
protected image A known image that is a shareable image and contains protected code. Protected code is code that runs in kernel mode or executive mode but that can be called by a user mode image.
protection code Used with UIC-based protection, indicates who is allowed access and for what purposes.
public volume A Files--11 volume that any user on the system can access and that can contain both private and public files.
queue Allows users to submit requests for printing or batch processing. The system prints users' print jobs or processes users' batch jobs as resources allow.
queue characteristics Characteristics you can define and assign to a queue to control the batch or print jobs that execute on the queue.
queue database A file or files that store information about queues and batch and print jobs.
queue manager The system component that controls queue activity.
quota file On Files--11 volumes, the file that records all users who are allowed to use a disk and that shows their current disk usage and their maximum disk allocation. A quota file, QUOTA.SYS, which is stored in directory [000000] with other system files, requires 1 block of disk storage for every 16 entries. See also disk quotas.
reconfiguration After installation of a product, changing the configuration choices made during the installation.
record blocking On Files--11 volumes, the grouping of individual records into a block, thereby reducing wasted space.
remote node In a network, a node that is accessible to the node you are working on (the local node) over the network.
In the System Management utility (SYSMAN), any node other than the one on which you are executing SYSMAN.
Contrast with local node.
reset module A device control module inserted at the end of each print job. Use reset modules to reset a printer at the end of a job.
resident image On Alpha systems, a known image that improves the performance of a shareable image. With a resident image, portions of images that contain code are moved into system space, where they reside on a large single page, thus improving performance.
root volume The first volume in a volume set. Each volume in the volume set is identified by a volume number relative to the root volume, which is always relative to volume 1.
router In a network, a node that performs routing operations.
routing In a network of more than two nodes, the process of directing a data message from a source node to a destination node (known as an end node ). Both routers and end nodes can send messages to and receive messages from other nodes in the network.
In a TCP/IP network. routing is the process of directing a data message from a source host to a destination host. See also host.
ruleset Software routine or function that is analogous to an executable file; used by DECevent.
satellite In an OpenVMS Cluster system, a computer without a local system disk. A satellite uses disks and tapes that are locally connected to another computer in the cluster. Disks and tapes are served to satellites by means of the mass storage control protocol (MSCP) and the tape mass storage control protocol (TMSCP), respectively.
save set A special file used by the Backup utility. The Backup utility saves files to a save set and restores files from a save set. Installation and upgrade procedures restore product files from a save set to your system disk.
scalar A single data item, having one value. Compare with vector.
secondary bootstrap image Image that allows access to the system disk: SYS$SYSTEM:SYSBOOT.EXE.
secondary page and swap files Additional page files and swap files that you might create for performance or disk space reasons. The system uses the space in the secondary files for paging and swapping in addition to the space in the primary page and swap files.
secondary processor In a multiprocessing system, any processor that is not a primary processor.
sector The smallest unit discernible to the Files-11 On-Disk structure. For most Files-11 disks, a sector is equivalent to a block (512 bytes).
On ISO 9660 volumes, a uniquely addressable unit; each sector on a CD--ROM comprises a sequence of 2048 8-bit bytes.
security audit log file A clusterwide file that contains a record of security events on the system. Using the ANALYZE/AUDIT command, you can produce reports and summaries of security events from the security audit log file.
selective dump A crash dump containing only those portions of memory most likely to be useful in a crash dump analysis. A selective dump is useful when sufficient disk space is not available to hold all physical memory. Compare with physical dump.
selective operation A Backup utility operation that processes files or volumes selectively, according to criteria such as version number, file type, UIC, date and time of creation, expiration date, or modification date.
sequential organization On magnetic tape media, the organization of data; that is, data is organized in the order in which it is written to the tape.
server queue A type of output execution queue that uses a user-modified or user-written symbiont to process the files that belong to print jobs in the queue. Compare with printer queue and terminal queue.
setup module A device control module inserted at the beginning of a file in a print job.
shareable image An image linked with the /SHAREABLE qualifier of the Linker utility; it must subsequently be linked into an executable image to be used. Shareable images are sometimes referred to as linkable images.
shared image A known image for which more than one user can access the read-only and non-copy-on-reference read/write sections of the image concurrently, so that only one copy of those sections ever needs to be in physical memory.
shared resource In an OpenVMS Cluster environment, a resource (such as a disk or a queue) that any node in the cluster can access. Data files, application programs, and printers are some items that can be accessed by users on a cluster with shared resources, without regard to the particular node on which the files or program or printer might physically reside.
site-independent startup command procedure A command procedure that executes each time a system boots, and manages startup of a system. This file, named SYS$STARTUP:STARTUP.COM, is required on all systems, regardless of site-specific requirements. Do not modify this file. Compare with site-specific startup command procedure.
site-specific startup command procedure A command procedure that executes each time a system boots. Unlike the site-independent startup command procedure, you can add commands to site-specific procedures to perform operations that vary from site to site.
sizing The process of matching the allocation of system resources (memory and disk space) with the workload requirements of your site. Use the AUTOGEN command procedure to automatically size your system.
slicing On Alpha systems, a feature that lets the operating system split the contents of images and sort the pieces so that they can be placed with other pieces that have the same page protection in the same area of memory. Consequently, translation buffers on Alpha systems are used more efficiently than if the loadable executive images or the shareable images were loaded in the traditional manner.
source disk In the command procedures VMSINSTAL.COM or VMSKITBLD.COM, the disk from which you copy files. Compare with target disk.
spooled printer A printer set up to write output to an intermediate storage device (such as a disk). Spool printers if your system runs applications that write or copy data directly to printers rather than submitting print jobs to a queue. In this way, printers remain available to other system users while the program is running.
startup database A file that contains information used to start up system software. For example, the site-independent startup command procedure uses information in a startup database named STARTUP$STARTUP_VMS to start the operating system. It uses information in a startup database named STARTUP$STARTUP_LAYERED to start layered products.
swap file In a swapping operation, the file to which the system writes swapped portions of memory. Your distribution kit includes a swap file named SYS$SYSTEM:SWAPFILE.SYS.
swapping A memory management operation to efficiently use the physical memory allotted to an entire system by moving information between physical memory and files stored on disk. In swapping, the system moves the entire workspace of a less active process out of physical memory to a file. Compare with paging.
symbiont Used with an output queue, a process for formatting of print jobs and sending them to a printer.
The standard print symbiont provided by the operating system is named PRTSMB and is designed to print files on basic output devices. The LAT print symbiont LATSYM is used to print files on output devices attached to a terminal server.
SYSGEN parameters See system parameters.
system area One of two divisions of CD--ROM volume space; includes logical sectors 0 through 15. Reserved for system use.
System Communications Services (SCS) In an OpenVMS Cluster environment, software that implements intercomputer communication, according to the HP Systems Communications Architecture (SCA).
system disk Disk on which operating system files are stored.
system dump file The file into which the operating system writes the contents of the error log buffers, processor registers, and memory when it detects an unrecoverable error or an inconsistency within itself that causes the system to fail. See also crash dump.
system image An image that does not run under the control of the operating system. It is intended for standalone operation only. The content and format of a system image differs from that of a shareable image and an executable image.
system image snapshot A record of the system setup used with the Snapshot facility.
system messages Messages returned by the system when you enter commands in DCL or in utilities. These messages help you understand the result of each command.
system parameters Parameters for which you can set values to control how the system functions. Values of system parameters control a wide range of system functions including but not limited to memory management, process scheduling, and system security.
system startup Series of tasks that an operating system does to start up the system.
system volume A volume available to all the users on a system. Compare to group volume.
systemwide logical name A logical name that applies to the entire system. It is defined in the system logical name table and can be used by any process in a system.
tape mass storage control protocol (TMSCP) server In an OpenVMS Cluster environment, the component that implements the TMSCP protocol, which is used to communicate with a controller for local MSCP tapes, such as TU-series tapes. In conjunction with the tape class device driver (TUDRIVER), the TMSCP server implements this protocol on a processor, allowing the processor to function as a storage controller.
target disk In VMSINSTAL.COM or VMSKITBLD.COM, the disk to which you move the system files. Compare with source disk.
terminal queue A type of output execution queue that uses a symbiont to direct output to a terminal printer. Compare with printer queue and server queue.
terminal servers Communication devices dedicated for connecting terminals, modems, or printers to a local area network (LAN) and to other systems within a LAN. See also LAT protocol.
time differential factor (TDF) Difference between local system time and Coordinated Universal Time (UTC). See also Coordinated Universal Time.
track On a disk, the collection of sectors (or blocks, on Files-11 volumes) at a single radius on one recording surface of the disk. It is accessible to a given read/write head position on the disk device.
trailer labels On magnetic tape, labels similar to header labels, but which are written following the file.
transaction group A group of computers involved in DECdtm transactions whose SCSNODE names must obey specific rules.
transaction log A file that stores information about DECdtm transactions performed on a node. It is of file type .LM$JOURNAL.
trusted logical names Logical names associated with executive mode or kernel mode.
tuning The process of altering various system values to obtain the optimum overall performance possible from any given configuration and work load.
UAF See user authorization file (UAF) .
UETP (User Environment Test Package) A software package designed to test whether the OpenVMS operating system is installed correctly.
UIC See user identification code (UIC) .
UIC-based protection A protection mechanism based on the user identification code (UIC) and applied to all protected objects. Compare with access control list (ACL) .
update procedure Procedure used if you have a previous version of the operating system and you want to make minor fixes to it. When you update the operating system, the update procedure replaces some system files.
upgrade procedure If you are already running a standard version of the operating system, you can use the upgrade procedure to obtain a higher version.
user authorization file (UAF) A file containing an entry for every user that you authorize to gain access to the system. Each entry identifies the user name, password, default account, UIC (user identification code), quotas, limits, and privileges assigned to individuals who use the system.
User Environment Test Package (UETP) See UETP.
user identification code (UIC) The pair of numbers assigned to users, files, and other system objects, that specify the type of access available to the owner, group, world, and system. The UIC consists of a group number and a member number separated by a comma and enclosed within square brackets. Same as UIC. See also account and UIC-based protection.
user mode The least privileged processor access mode. User processes and run-time library routines run in user mode.
UTC See Coordinated Universal Time.
utility program A program supplied by HP that performs a set of related operations. For example, the Backup utility (BACKUP) allows you to save and restore files.
VAXport drivers In a VAXcluster environment, device drivers that control the communication paths between local and remote ports. (Examples are PADRIVER for the CI, PEDRIVER for the LAN, and PIDRIVER for the DSSI.)
vector On VAX systems, a group of related scalar values, or elements, all of the same data type.
vector-capable systems On VAX systems, those systems that comply with the VAX vector architecture.
vector consumer On VAX systems, a process requiring the vector capability and having a vector context.
vector-present processor On VAX systems, an integrated scalar-vector processor pair, included in a VAX vector processing system configuration.
virtual device server Serves physical device media and sets of logical disk blocks to client systems in a local area network (LAN). Systems running the appropriate client software can connect to virtual devices as though they are locally attached devices. A virtual device server does not impose a file system on the virtual devices that it serves. See also InfoServer system.
virtual device unit With an InfoServer system, a virtual device that represents the local OpenVMS context for a volume that resides on a remote server.
Virtual disk units have a device name in the DADn: format. Virtual tape units have a device name in the MADn: format.
See also binding, InfoServer system, and virtual device server.
volatile database On a node in a network, a working copy of the DECnet configuration database that reflects current network conditions. Contrast with permanent database.
volume Disk or tape media that has been prepared for use by creating a new file structure on it and mounting it on a device.
volume set A collection of disk volumes bound into a single entity by the DCL command MOUNT/BIND. To users, a volume set looks like a single, large volume.
Also, the volumes on which a set of multivolume files is recorded.
volume space Set of all logical sectors on a volume containing information about the volume.
writable image A known image for which a shared non-copy-on-reference writable section is removed from physical memory (for paging reasons or because no processes are referencing it), and it is written back to the image file.
write lock A device becomes write-locked when a hardware or user error occurs while a disk or magnetic tape volume is mounted for a write operation. For example, if a disk is write-locked or a tape is missing a write ring, the hardware generates an error.
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