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HP OpenVMS Systems Documentation |
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HP OpenVMS System Management Utilities Reference Manual
Chapter 5
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$ DEFINE/PROCESS/EXEC SYSUAF DISK$USER:[MYPROCESSTABLE]SYSUAF.DAT |
%UAF-E-NAOFIL, unable to open SYSUAF.DAT -RMS-E-FNF, file not found Do you want to create a new file? |
$ DEFINE/PROCESS/EXEC NETPROXY DISK$USER:[MYPROCESSTABLE]NETPROXY.DAT |
$ DEFINE/PROCESS/EXEC RIGHTSLIST DISK$USER:[MYPROCESSTABLE]RIGHTSLIST.DAT |
These files store system authorization information. By default, they are owned by the system (UIC of [SYSTEM]) and are created with the following protection:
SYSUAF.DAT S:RWED, O:RWED, G, W NETPROXY.DAT S:RWED, O:RWED, G, W NET$PROXY.DAT S, O, G, W RIGHTSLIST.DAT S:RWED, O:RWED, G, W: |
To use AUTHORIZE, you must have write access to all three of these files (you must have an account with the user identification code (UIC) of [SYSTEM] or the SYSPRV privilege).
Note that you must have read access to the RIGHTSLIST.DAT file (or sufficient privileges) to display the rights identifiers held by other users.
Because certain images (such as MAIL and SET) require access to the system user authorization file (UAF) and are normally installed with the SYSPRV privilege, ensure that you always grant system access to SYSUAF.DAT.
When you install a new system, the software distribution kit provides the following records in the system user authorization file in SYS$SYSTEM:
On VAX systems:
DEFAULT
FIELD
SYSTEM
SYSTEST
SYSTEST_CLIG
On Alpha and I64 systems:
DEFAULT
SYSTEM
If the SYSUAF.DAT becomes corrupted or is accidentally deleted, you can use the template file SYSUAF.TEMPLATE in the SYS$SYSTEM directory to recreate the file, as follows:
$ SET DEFAULT SYS$SYSTEM $ COPY SYSUAF.TEMPLATE SYSUAF.DAT |
The file SYSUAF.TEMPLATE contains records that are identical to those defined when the system was installed.
To make an emergency backup for the system SYSUAF file, you can create a private copy of SYSUAF.DAT. To affect future logins, copy a private version of SYSUAF.DAT to the appropriate directory, as shown in the following example:
$ COPY MYSYSUAF.DAT SYS$COMMON:[SYSEXE]:SYSUAF.DAT- _$ /PROTECTION=(S:RWED,O:RWED,G,W) |
The Authorize utility (AUTHORIZE) is a system management tool that enables you to control access to the system and to allocate resources to users.
RUN SYS$SYSTEM:AUTHORIZE
None.
To invoke AUTHORIZE, set your default device and directory to SYS$SYSTEM and enter RUN AUTHORIZE at the DCL command prompt.At the UAF> prompt, you can enter any AUTHORIZE command described in the following section.
To exit from AUTHORIZE, enter the EXIT command at the UAF> prompt or press Ctrl/Z.
This section describes the AUTHORIZE commands and provides examples of their use. You can abbreviate any command, keyword, or qualifier as long as the abbreviation is not ambiguous. The asterisk (*) and the percent sign (%) can be used as wildcard characters to specify user names, node names, and UICs.
AUTHORIZE commands fall into the following four categories:
The following table summarizes the AUTHORIZE commands according to these categories:
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
| Managing System Resources and User Accounts with SYSUAF | |
| ADD | Adds a user record to the SYSUAF and corresponding identifiers to the rights database. |
| COPY | Creates a new SYSUAF record that duplicates an existing record. |
| DEFAULT | Modifies the default SYSUAF record. |
| LIST | Writes reports for selected UAF records to a listing file, SYSUAF.LIS. |
| MODIFY | Changes values in a SYSUAF user record. Qualifiers not specified in the command remain unchanged. |
| REMOVE | Deletes a SYSUAF user record and corresponding identifiers in the rights database. The DEFAULT and SYSTEM records cannot be deleted. |
| RENAME | Changes the user name of the SYSUAF record (and, if specified, the corresponding identifier) while retaining the characteristics of the old record. |
| SHOW | Displays reports for selected SYSUAF records. |
| Managing Network Proxies with NETPROXY.DAT or NET$PROXY.DAT | |
| ADD/PROXY | Adds proxy access for the specified user. |
| CREATE/PROXY | Creates a network proxy authorization file. |
| LIST/PROXY | Creates a listing file of all proxy accounts and all remote users with proxy access to the accounts. |
| MODIFY/PROXY | Modifies proxy access for the specified user. |
| REMOVE/PROXY | Deletes proxy access for the specified user. |
| SHOW/PROXY | Displays proxy access allowed for the specified user. |
| Managing Identifiers with RIGHTSLIST.DAT | |
| ADD/IDENTIFIER | Adds an identifier name to the rights database. |
| CREATE/RIGHTS | Creates a new rights database file. |
| GRANT/IDENTIFIER | Grants an identifier name to a UIC identifier. |
| LIST/IDENTIFIER | Creates a listing file of identifier names and values. |
| LIST/RIGHTS | Creates a listing file of all identifiers held by the specified user. |
| MODIFY/IDENTIFIER | Modifies the named identifier in the rights database. |
| REMOVE/IDENTIFIER | Removes an identifier from the rights database. |
| RENAME/IDENTIFIER | Renames an identifier in the rights database. |
| REVOKE/IDENTIFIER | Revokes an identifier name from a UIC identifier. |
| SHOW/IDENTIFIER | Displays identifier names and values on the current output device. |
| SHOW/RIGHTS | Displays on the current output device the names of all identifiers held by the specified user. |
| General Commands | |
| EXIT | Returns the user to DCL command level. |
| HELP | Displays HELP text for AUTHORIZE commands. |
| MODIFY/SYSTEM_PASSWORD | Sets the system password (equivalent to the DCL command SET PASSWORD/SYSTEM). |
Adds a user record to the SYSUAF and corresponding identifiers to the rights database.
Note
ADD/IDENTIFIER and ADD/PROXY are documented as separate commands.
ADD newusername
newusername
Specifies the name of the user record to be included in the SYSUAF. The newusername parameter is a string of 1 to 12 alphanumeric characters and can contain underscores. Although dollar signs are permitted, they are usually reserved for system names.Avoid using fully numeric user names (for example, 89560312). A fully numeric user name cannot receive a corresponding identifier because fully numeric identifiers are not permitted.
/ACCESS[=(range[,...])]
/NOACCESS[=(range[,...])]
Specifies hours of access for all modes of access. The syntax for specifying the range is:
/[NO]ACCESS=([PRIMARY], [n-m], [n], [,...],[SECONDARY], [n-m], [n], [,...])
Specify hours as integers from 0 to 23, inclusive. You can specify single hours (n) or ranges of hours (n-m). If the ending hour of a range is earlier than the starting hour, the range extends from the starting hour through midnight to the ending hour. The first set of hours after the keyword PRIMARY specifies hours on primary days; the second set of hours after the keyword SECONDARY specifies hours on secondary days. Note that hours are inclusive; that is, if you grant access during a given hour, access extends to the end of that hour.
By default, a user has full access every day. See the DCL command SET DAY in the HP OpenVMS DCL Dictionary for information about overriding the defaults for primary and secondary day types.
All the list elements are optional. Unless you specify hours for a day type, access is permitted for the entire day. By specifying an access time, you prevent access at all other times. Adding NO to the qualifier denies the user access to the system for the specified period of time. See the following examples.
/ACCESS Allows unrestricted access /NOACCESS=SECONDARY Allows access on primary days only /ACCESS=(9-17) Allows access from 9 A.M. to 5:59 P.M. on all days /NOACCESS=(PRIMARY, 9-17, SECONDARY, 18-8) Disallows access between 9 A.M. to 5:59 P.M. on primary days but allows access during these hours on secondary days To specify access hours for specific types of access, see the /BATCH, /DIALUP, /INTERACTIVE, /LOCAL, /NETWORK, and /REMOTE qualifiers.
Refer to HP OpenVMS Guide to System Security for information about the effects of login class restrictions.
/ACCOUNT=account-name
Specifies the default name for the account (for example, a billing name or number). The name can be a string of 1 to 8 alphanumeric characters. By default, AUTHORIZE does not assign an account name./ADD_IDENTIFIER (default)
/NOADD_IDENTIFIER
Adds a user (user name and account name) to the rights database. The /NOADD_IDENTIFIER does not create a rights list identifier (user name and account name). The AUTHORIZE command ADD/IDENTIFIER is quite different: it adds a record to the AUTHORIZE database UAF file./ALGORITHM=keyword=type [=value]
Sets the password encryption algorithm for a user. The keyword VMS refers to the algorithm used in the operating system version that is running on your system, whereas a customer algorithm is one that is added through the $HASH_PASSWORD system service by a customer site, by a layered product, or by a third party. The customer algorithm is identified in $HASH_PASSWORD by an integer in the range of 128 to 255. It must correspond with the number used in the AUTHORIZE command MODIFY/ALGORITHM. By default, passwords are encrypted with the VMS algorithm for the current version of the operating system.
Keyword Function BOTH Set the algorithm for primary and secondary passwords. CURRENT Set the algorithm for the primary, secondary, both, or no passwords, depending on account status. CURRENT is the default value. PRIMARY Set the algorithm for the primary password only. SECONDARY Set the algorithm for the secondary password only. The following table lists password encryption algorithms:
Type Definition VMS The algorithm used in the version of the operating system that is running on your system. CUSTOMER A numeric value in the range of 128 to 255 that identifies a customer algorithm. The following example selects the VMS algorithm for Sontag's primary password:
UAF> MODIFY SONTAG/ALGORITHM=PRIMARY=VMSIf you select a site-specific algorithm, you must give a value to identify the algorithm, as follows:
UAF> MODIFY SONTAG/ALGORITHM=CURRENT=CUSTOMER=128/ASTLM=value
Specifies the AST queue limit, which is the total number of asynchronous system trap (AST) operations and scheduled wake-up requests that the user can have queued at one time. The default is 40 on VAX systems and 300 on Alpha and I64 systems./BATCH[=(range[,...])]
Specifies the hours of access permitted for batch jobs. For a description of the range specification, see the /ACCESS qualifier. By default, a user can submit batch jobs any time./BIOLM=value
Specifies a buffered I/O count limit for the BIOLM field of the UAF record. The buffered I/O count limit is the maximum number of buffered I/O operations, such as terminal I/O, that can be outstanding at one time. The default is 40 on VAX systems and 150 on Alpha and I64 systems./BYTLM=value
Specifies the buffered I/O byte limit for the BYTLM field of the UAF record. The buffered I/O byte limit is the maximum number of bytes of nonpaged system dynamic memory that a user's job can consume at one time. Nonpaged dynamic memory is used for operations such as I/O buffering, mailboxes, and file-access windows. The default is 32768 on VAX systems and 128,000 on Alpha and I64 systems./CLI=cli-name
Specifies the name of the default command language interpreter (CLI) for the CLI field of the UAF record. The cli-name is a string of 1 to 31 alphanumeric characters and should be DCL, which is the default. This setting is ignored for network jobs./CLITABLES=filespec
Specifies user-defined CLI tables for the account. The filespec can contain 1 to 31 characters. The default is SYS$LIBRARY:DCLTABLES. Note that this setting is ignored for network jobs to guarantee that the system-supplied command procedures used to implement network objects function properly./CPUTIME=time
Specifies the maximum process CPU time for the CPU field of the UAF record. The maximum process CPU time is the maximum amount of CPU time a user's process can take per session. You must specify a delta time value. For a discussion of delta time values, refer to the OpenVMS User's Manual. The default is 0, which means an infinite amount of time./DEFPRIVILEGES=([NO]privname[,...])
Specifies default privileges for the user; that is, those enabled at login time. A NO prefix removes a privilege from the user. By specifying the keyword [NO]ALL with the /DEFPRIVILEGES qualifier, you can disable or enable all user privileges. The default privileges are TMPMBX and NETMBX. Privname is the name of the privilege./DEVICE=device-name
Specifies the name of the user's default device at login. The device-name is a string of 1 to 31 alphanumeric characters. If you omit the colon from the device-name value, AUTHORIZE appends a colon. The default device is SYS$SYSDISK.If you specify a logical name as the device-name (for example, DISK1: for DUA1:), you must make an entry for the logical name in the LNM$SYSTEM_TABLE in executive mode by using the DCL command DEFINE/SYSTEM/EXEC.
/DIALUP[=(range[,...])]
Specifies hours of access permitted for dialup logins. For a description of the range specification, see the /ACCESS qualifier. The default is full access./DIOLM=value
Specifies the direct I/O count limit for the DIOLM field of the UAF record. The direct I/O count limit is the maximum number of direct I/O operations (usually disk) that can be outstanding at one time. The default is 40 on VAX systems and 150 on Alpha and I64 systems./DIRECTORY=directory-name
Specifies the default directory name for the DIRECTORY field of the UAF record. The directory-name can be 1 to 39 alphanumeric characters. If you do not enclose the directory name in brackets, AUTHORIZE adds the brackets for you. The default directory name is [USER]./ENQLM=value
Specifies the lock queue limit for the ENQLM field of the UAF record. The lock queue limit is the maximum number of locks that can be queued by the user at one time. The default is 200 on VAX systems and 4000 on Alpha and I64 systems./EXPIRATION=time (default)
/NOEXPIRATION
Specifies the expiration date and time of the account. The /NOEXPIRATION qualifier removes the expiration date on the account. If you do not specify an expiration time when you add a new account, AUTHORIZE copies the expiration time from the DEFAULT account. (The expiration time on the DEFAULT account is "none" by default.)/FILLM=value
Specifies the open file limit for the FILLM field of the UAF record. The open file limit is the maximum number of files that can be open at one time, including active network logical links. The default is 300 on VAX systems and 128 on Alpha and I64 systems./FLAGS=([NO]option[,...])
Specifies login flags for the user. The prefix NO clears the flag. The options are as follows:
AUDIT Enables or disables mandatory security auditing for a specific user. By default, the system does not audit the activities of specific users (NOAUDIT). AUTOLOGIN Restricts the user to the automatic login mechanism when logging in to an account. When set, the flag disables login by any terminal that requires entry of a user name and password. The default is to require a user name and password (NOAUTOLOGIN). CAPTIVE Prevents the user from changing any defaults at login, for example, /CLI or /LGICMD. It prevents the user from escaping the captive login command procedure specified by the /LGICMD qualifier and gaining access to the DCL command level. Refer to "Guidelines for Captive Command Procedures" in the HP OpenVMS Guide to System Security. The CAPTIVE flag also establishes an environment where Ctrl/Y interrupts are initially turned off; however, command procedures can still turn on Ctrl/Y interrupts with the DCL command SET CONTROL=Y. By default, an account is not captive (NOCAPTIVE).
DEFCLI Restricts the user to the default command interpreter by prohibiting the use of the /CLI qualifier at login. By default, a user can choose a CLI (NODEFCLI). DISCTLY Establishes an environment where Ctrl/Y interrupts are initially turned off and are invalid until a SET CONTROL=Y is encountered. This could happen in SYLOGIN.COM or in a procedure called by SYLOGIN.COM. Once a SET CONTROL=Y is executed (which requires no privilege), a user can enter a Ctrl/Y and reach the DCL prompt ($). If the intent of DISCTLY is to force execution of the login command files, then SYLOGIN.COM should issue the DCL command SET CONTROL=Y to turn on Ctrl/Y interrupts before exiting. By default, Ctrl/Y is enabled (NODISCTLY). DISFORCE_PWD_CHANGE Removes the requirement that a user must change an expired password at login. By default, a person can use an expired password only once (NODISFORCE_PWD_CHANGE) and then is forced to change the password after logging in. If the user does not select a new password, the user is locked out of the system. To use this feature, set a password expiration date with the /PWDLIFETIME qualifier.
DISIMAGE Prevents the user from executing RUN and foreign commands. By default, a user can execute RUN and foreign commands (NODISIMAGE). DISMAIL Disables mail delivery to the user. By default, mail delivery is enabled (NODISMAIL). DISNEWMAIL Suppresses announcements of new mail at login. By default, the system announces new mail (NODISNEWMAIL). DISPWDDIC Disables automatic screening of new passwords against a system dictionary. By default, passwords are automatically screened (NODISPWDDIC). DISPWDHIS Disables automatic checking of new passwords against a list of the user's old passwords. By default, the system screens new passwords (NODISPWDHIS). DISPWDSYNCH Suppresses synchronization of the external password for this account. See bit 9 in the SECURITY_POLICY system parameter for systemwide password synchronization control. DISRECONNECT Disables automatic reconnection to an existing process when a terminal connection has been interrupted. By default, automatic reconnection is enabled (NODISRECONNECT). DISREPORT Suppresses reports of the last login time, login failures, and other security reports. By default, login information is displayed (NODISREPORT). DISUSER Disables the account so the user cannot log in. For example, the DEFAULT account is disabled. By default, an account is enabled (NODISUSER). DISWELCOME Suppresses the welcome message (an informational message displayed during a local login). This message usually indicates the version number of the operating system that is running and the name of the node on which the user is logged in. By default, a system login message appears (NODISWELCOME). EXTAUTH Considers user to be authenticated by an external user name and password, not by the SYSUAF user name and password. (The system still uses the SYSUAF record to check a user's login restrictions and quotas and to create the user's process profile.) GENPWD Restricts the user to generated passwords. By default, users choose their own passwords (NOGENPWD). LOCKPWD Prevents the user from changing the password for the account. By default, users can change their passwords (NOLOCKPWD). PWD_EXPIRED Marks a password as expired. The user cannot log in if this flag is set. The LOGINOUT.EXE image sets the flag when both of the following conditions exist: a user logs in with the DISFORCE_PWD_CHANGE flag set, and the user's password expires. A system manager can clear this flag. By default, passwords are not expired after login (NOPWD_EXPIRED). PWD2_EXPIRED Marks a secondary password as expired. Users cannot log in if this flag is set. The LOGINOUT.EXE image sets the flag when both of the following conditions exist: a user logs in with the DISFORCE_PWD_CHANGE flag set, and the user's password expires. A system manager can clear this flag. By default, passwords are not set to expire after login (NOPWD2_EXPIRED). PWDMIX Enables case-sensitive and extended-character passwords. After PWDMIX is specified, you can then use mixed-case and extended characters in passwords. Be aware that before the PWDMIX flag is enabled, the system stores passwords in all upper-case. Therefore, until you change passwords, you must enter your pre-PWDMIX passwords in upper-case.
To change the password after PWDMIX is enabled:
- You (the user) can use the DCL command SET PASSWORD, specifying the new mixed-case password (omitting quotation marks).
- You (the system manager) can use the AUTHORIZE command MODIFY/PASSWORD, and enclose the user's new mixed-case password in quotation marks " " .
RESTRICTED Prevents the user from changing any defaults at login (for example, by specifying /LGICMD) and prohibits user specification of a CLI with the /CLI qualifier. The RESTRICTED flag establishes an environment where Ctrl/Y interrupts are initially turned off; however, command procedures can still turn on Ctrl/Y interrupts with the DCL command SET CONTROL=Y. Typically, this flag is used to prevent an applications user from having unrestricted access to the CLI. By default, a user can change defaults (NORESTRICTED). VMSAUTH Allows account to use standard (SYSUAF) authentication when the EXTAUTH flag would otherwise require external authentication. This depends on the application. An application specifies the VMS domain of interpretation when calling SYS$ACM to request standard VMS authentication for a user account that normally uses external authentication. /GENERATE_PASSWORD[=keyword]
/NOGENERATE_PASSWORD (default)
Invokes the password generator to create user passwords. Generated passwords can consist of 1 to 10 characters. Specify one of the following keywords:
BOTH Generate primary and secondary passwords. CURRENT Do whatever the DEFAULT account does (for example, generate primary, secondary, both, or no passwords). This is the default keyword. PRIMARY Generate primary password only. SECONDARY Generate secondary password only.
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