| Chapter 3 |
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3
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Linking and Running HP Fortran Programs
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3.1
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Linker Overview
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3.2
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LINK Command Qualifiers and Messages
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3.2.1
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Linker Output File Qualifiers
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3.2.1.1
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Image File Qualifiers
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3.2.1.2
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/NATIVE_ONLY Qualifier
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3.2.1.3
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Map File Qualifiers
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3.2.2
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/DEBUG and /TRACEBACK Qualifiers
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3.2.3
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Linker Input File Qualifiers
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3.2.4
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Linker Symbol Table Qualifier
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3.2.5
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Linker Options File Qualifier
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3.2.6
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Other Linker Qualifiers
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3.2.7
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Linker Messages
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3.3
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Running HP Fortran Programs
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3.3.1
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RUN Command
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3.3.2
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System Processing at Image Exit
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3.3.3
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Interrupting a Program
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3.3.4
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Returning Status Values to the Command Interpreter
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3.4
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Symbol Table and Traceback Information: Locating Run-Time Errors
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3.4.1
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Effects of Error-Related Command Qualifiers
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3.4.2
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Sample Source Program and Traceback
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| Chapter 4 |
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4
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Using the OpenVMS Debugger
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4.1
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Debugger Overview
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4.2
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Getting Started with the Debugger
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4.2.1
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Compiling and Linking a Program to Prepare for Debugging
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4.2.2
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Establishing the Debugging Configuration and Interface
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4.2.3
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Invoking the Debugger
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4.2.4
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Debugger Commands Used Often
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4.2.5
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Debugger Breakpoints, Tracepoints, and Watchpoints
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4.2.6
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Ending a Debugging Session
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4.2.7
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Notes on Debugger Support for HP Fortran
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4.3
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Sample Debugging Session
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4.4
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Displaying HP Fortran Variables
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4.4.1
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Accessing HP Fortran Common Block Variables
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4.4.2
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Accessing HP Fortran Derived-Type Variables
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4.4.3
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Accessing HP Fortran Record Variables
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4.4.4
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Accessing HP Fortran Array Variables
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4.4.5
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Accessing HP Fortran Module Variables
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4.5
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Debugger Command Summary
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4.5.1
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Starting and Terminating a Debugging Session
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4.5.2
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Controlling and Monitoring Program Execution
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4.5.3
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Examining and Manipulating Data
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4.5.4
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Controlling Type Selection and Symbolization
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4.5.5
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Controlling Symbol Lookup
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4.5.6
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Displaying Source Code
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4.5.7
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Using Screen Mode
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4.5.8
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Editing Source Code
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4.5.9
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Defining Symbols
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4.5.10
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Using Keypad Mode
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4.5.11
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Using Command Procedures and Log Files
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4.5.12
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Using Control Structures
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4.5.13
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Additional Commands
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4.6
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Locating an Exception
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4.7
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Locating Unaligned Data
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| Chapter 5 |
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5
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Performance: Making Programs Run Faster
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5.1
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Software Environment and Efficient Compilation
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5.1.1
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Install the Latest Version of HP Fortran and Performance Products
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5.1.2
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Compile Using Multiple Source Files and Appropriate FORTRAN Qualifiers
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5.1.3
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Process Environment and Related Influences on Performance
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5.2
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Analyzing Program Performance
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5.2.1
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Measuring Performance Using LIB$xxxx_TIMER Routines or Command Procedures
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5.2.1.1
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The LIB$xxxx_TIMER Routines
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5.2.1.2
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Using a Command Procedure
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5.2.2
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Performance and Coverage Analyzer (PCA)
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5.3
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Data Alignment Considerations
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5.3.1
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Causes of Unaligned Data and Ensuring Natural Alignment
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5.3.2
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Checking for Inefficient Unaligned Data
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5.3.3
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Ordering Data Declarations to Avoid Unaligned Data
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5.3.3.1
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Arranging Data Items in Common Blocks
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5.3.3.2
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Arranging Data Items in Derived-Type Data
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5.3.3.3
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Arranging Data Items in Compaq Fortran 77 Record Structures
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5.3.4
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Qualifiers Controlling Alignment
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5.4
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Using Arrays Efficiently
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5.4.1
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Accessing Arrays Efficiently
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5.4.2
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Passing Array Arguments Efficiently
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5.5
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Improving Overall I/O Performance
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5.5.1
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Use Unformatted Files Instead of Formatted Files
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5.5.2
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Write Whole Arrays or Strings
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5.5.3
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Write Array Data in the Natural Storage Order
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5.5.4
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Use Memory for Intermediate Results
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5.5.5
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Defaults for Blocksize and Buffer Count
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5.5.6
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Specify RECL
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5.5.7
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Use the Optimal Record Type
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5.5.8
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Enable Implied-DO Loop Collapsing
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5.5.9
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Use of Variable Format Expressions
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5.6
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Additional Source Code Guidelines for Run-Time Efficiency
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5.6.1
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Avoid Small or Large Integer and Logical Data Items (Alpha only)
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5.6.2
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Avoid Mixed Data Type Arithmetic Expressions
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5.6.3
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Use Efficient Data Types
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5.6.4
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Avoid Using Slow Arithmetic Operators
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5.6.5
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Avoid EQUIVALENCE Statement Use
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5.6.6
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Use Statement Functions and Internal Subprograms
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5.6.7
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Code DO Loops for Efficiency
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5.7
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Optimization Levels: /OPTIMIZE=LEVEL=n Qualifier
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5.7.1
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Optimizations Performed at All Optimization Levels
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5.7.2
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Local (Minimal) Optimizations
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5.7.2.1
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Common Subexpression Elimination
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5.7.2.2
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Integer Multiplication and Division Expansion
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5.7.2.3
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Compile-Time Operations
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5.7.2.4
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Value Propagation
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5.7.2.5
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Dead Store Elimination
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5.7.2.6
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Register Usage
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5.7.2.7
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Mixed Real/Complex Operations
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5.7.3
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Global Optimizations
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5.7.4
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Additional Global Optimizations
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5.7.4.1
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Loop Unrolling
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5.7.4.2
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Code Replication to Eliminate Branches
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5.7.5
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Automatic Inlining and Software Pipelining
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5.7.5.1
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Interprocedure Analysis
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5.7.5.2
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Inlining Procedures
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5.7.5.3
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Software Pipelining
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5.7.6
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Loop Transformation
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5.8
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Other Qualifiers Related to Optimization
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5.8.1
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Loop Transformation
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5.8.2
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Software Pipelining
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5.8.3
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Setting Multiple Qualifiers with the /FAST Qualifier
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5.8.4
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Controlling Loop Unrolling
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5.8.5
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Controlling the Inlining of Procedures
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5.8.6
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Requesting Optimized Code for a Specific Processor Generation (Alpha only)
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5.8.7
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Requesting Generated Code for a Specific Processor Generation (Alpha only)
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5.8.8
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Arithmetic Reordering Optimizations
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5.8.9
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Dummy Aliasing Assumption
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5.9
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Compiler Directives Related to Performance
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5.9.1
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Using the cDEC$ OPTIONS Directive
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5.9.2
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Using the cDEC$ UNROLL Directive to Control Loop Unrolling
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5.9.3
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Using the cDEC$ IVDEP Directive to Control Certain Loop Optimizations
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