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HP OpenVMS System Analysis Tools Manual
This example shows the contents of the CPU database vector, then dumps
the first 32 bytes of each CPU database entry. Only the first five
entries in the array are requested, and those containing zero are
ignored.
EVALUATE
Computes and displays the value of the specified expression in both
hexadecimal and decimal. Alternative evaluations of the expression are
available with the use of the qualifiers defined for this command.
Format
EVALUATE [{/CONDITION_VALUE|/FPSR|/IFS
|/ISR|/PFS|/PS|/PSR
|/PTE
|/[NO]SYMBOLS |/TIME}] expression
Parameter
expression
SDA expression to be evaluated. Section 2.6.1 describes the components
of SDA expressions.
Qualifiers
/CONDITION_VALUE
Displays the message that the $GETMSG system service obtains for the
value of the expression.
/FPSR
(I64 only.)
Evaluates the specified expression in the format of a floating-point
status register.
/IFS
(I64 only.)
Evaluates the specified expression in the format of an interruption
function state.
/ISR
(I64 only.)
Evaluates the specified expression in the format of an interruption
status register.
/PFS
(I64 only.)
Evaluates the specified expression in the format of a previous function
state.
/PS
Evaluates the specified expression in the format of a processor status.
/PSR
(I64 only.)
Evaluates the specified expression in the format of a processor status
register.
/PTE
Interprets and displays the expression as a page table entry (PTE). The
individual fields of the PTE are separated and an overall description
of the PTE's type is provided.
/SYMBOLS
/NOSYMBOLS
Specifies that all symbols known to be equal to the evaluated
expression are to be listed in alphabetical order. The default behavior
of the EVALUATE command displays only the first five symbols. If
/NOSYMBOLS is specified, only the hexadecimal and decimal values are
displayed.
/TIME
Interprets and displays the expression as a 64-bit time value. Positive
values are interpreted as absolute time; negative values are
interpreted as delta time.
Description
If you do not specify a qualifier, the EVALUATE command interprets and
displays the expression as hexadecimal and decimal values. In addition,
if the expression is equal to the value of a symbol in the SDA symbol
table, that symbol is displayed. If no symbol with this value is known,
the next lower valued symbol is displayed with an appropriate offset
unless the offset is extremely large. (See Section 2.6.1.4 for a
description of how SDA displays symbols and offsets.) The DEFINE
command adds symbols to the SDA symbol table but does not display the
results of the computation. EVALUATE displays the result of the
computation but does not add symbols to the SDA symbol table.
Examples
| #1 |
SDA> EVALUATE -1
Hex = FFFFFFFF.FFFFFFFF Decimal = -1 I
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The EVALUATE command evaluates a numeric expression, displays the value
of that expression in hexadecimal and decimal notation, and displays a
symbol that has been defined to have an equivalent value.
| #2 |
SDA> EVALUATE 1
Hex = 00000000.00000001 Decimal = 1 CHF$M_CALEXT_CANCEL
CHF$M_FPREGS_VALID
CHF$V_CALEXT_LAST
IRP$M_BUFIO
IRP$M_CLN_READY
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(remaining symbols suppressed by default)
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The EVALUATE command evaluates a numeric expression and displays the
value of that expression in hexadecimal and decimal notation. This
example also shows the symbols that have the displayed value. A maximum
of five symbols are displayed by default.
| #3 |
SDA> DEFINE TEN = A
SDA> EVALUATE TEN
Hex = 00000000.0000000A Decimal = 10 IRP$B_TYPE
IRP$S_FMOD
IRP$V_MBXIO
TEN
UCB$B_TYPE
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(remaining symbols suppressed by default)
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This example shows the definition of a symbol named TEN. The EVALUATE
command then shows the value of the symbol.
Note that A, the value assigned to the symbol by the DEFINE command,
could be a symbol. When SDA evaluates a string that can be either a
symbol or a hexadecimal numeral, it first searches its symbol table for
a definition of the symbol. If SDA finds no definition for the string,
it evaluates the string as a hexadecimal number.
| #4 |
SDA> EVALUATE (((TEN * 6) + (-1/4)) + 6)
Hex = 00000000.00000042 Decimal = 66
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This example shows how SDA evaluates an expression of several terms,
including symbols and rational fractions. SDA evaluates the symbol,
substitutes its value in the expression, and then evaluates the
expression. The fraction -1/4 is truncated to 0.
| #5 |
SDA> EVALUATE/CONDITION 80000018
%SYSTEM-W-EXQUOTA, exceeded quota
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This example shows the output of an EVALUATE/CONDITION command.
| #6 |
SDA> EVALUATE/PFS 00000000.000013AF
PPL PEC RRB.PR RRB.FR RRB.GR SOR SOL SOF
0 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 39. (32-70) 47. (32-78)
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This example shows the output of an EVALUATE/PFS command on an I64
system.
| #7 |
SDA> EVALUATE/PS 0B03
MBZ SPAL MBZ IPL VMM MBZ CURMOD INT PRVMOD
0 00 00000000000 0B 0 0 KERN 0 USER
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In this EVALUATE/PS command on an Alpha system, SDA interprets the
entered value 0B03 as though it were a processor status (PS) and
displays the resulting field values.
| #8 |
SDA> EVALUATE/PSR 00001410.0A026010
RT TB LP DB SI DI PP SP DFH DFL DT PK I IC MFH MFL AC BE
1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0
IA BN ED RI SS DD DA ID IT MC IS CPL
0 1 0 2 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
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This example shows the output of an EVALUATE/PSR command on an I64
system.
| #9 |
SDA> EVALUATE/PTE 0BCDFFEE
3 3 2 2 2 1 1 1
1 0 9 7 0 8 6 5 7 6 0
+-+-+--+--------------+-+-+---+-+---------------+-+-----------+-+
|0|0|00| 005E |0|X| 02|1| FF |X| 37 |0|
+-+-+--+--------------+-+-+---+-+---------------+-+-----------+-+
| 00000000 |
+---------------------------------------------------------------+
Global PTE: Owner = S, Read Prot = KESU, Write Prot = KESU, CPY = 0
GPT Index = 00000000
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The EVALUATE/PTE command displays the expression 0BCDFFEE as a page
table entry (PTE) and labels the fields. It also describes the status
of the page. For more information on interpreting information in this
output, see Section 2.8.
| #10 |
SDA> EVALUATE/TIME 009A9A4C.843DBA9F
10-OCT-1996 15:59:44.02
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This example shows the use of the EVALUATE/TIME command.
EXAMINE
Displays either the contents of a location or of a range of locations
in physical memory, or the contents of a register. Use location
parameters to display specific locations or use qualifiers to display
the entire process and system regions of memory.
Format
EXAMINE [/qualifier[,...]] [location]
Parameter
location
Location in memory to be examined. A location can be represented by any
valid SDA expression. (See Section 2.6.1 for additional information
about expressions.) To examine a range of locations, use the following
syntax:
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m:n
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Range of locations to be examined, from
m to
n
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m;n
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Range of locations to be examined, starting at
m and continuing for
n bytes
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The default location that SDA uses is initially 0 in the program region
(P0) of the process that was executing at the time the system failed
(if you are examining a crash dump) or your process (if you are
examining the running system). Subsequent uses of the EXAMINE command
with no parameter specified increase the last address examined by
eight. Use of the /INSTRUCTION qualifier increases the default address
by four (Alpha) or 16 (I64). To examine memory locations of other
processes, you must use the SET PROCESS command.
Qualifiers
/ALL
Examines all the locations in the program, and control regions and
system space, displaying the contents of memory in hexadecimal
longwords and ASCII characters. Do not specify parameters when you use
this qualifier.
/CONDITION_VALUE
Examines the specified longword, displaying the message that the
$GETMSG system service obtains for the value in the longword.
/FD
See the description of /PD.
/FPSR
(I64 only.)
Examines the specified expression in the format of a floating-point
status register.
/IFS
(I64 only.)
Examines the specified expression in the format of an interruption
function state.
/INSTRUCTION
Translates the specified range of memory locations into assembly
instruction format. Each symbol in the EXAMINE expression that is
defined as a procedure descriptor is replaced with the code entry point
address of that procedure, unless you also specify the /NOPD qualifier.
For I64 only, SDA always displays entire bundles of instructions, not
individual slots.
/ISR
(I64 only.)
Examines the specified expression in the format of an interruption
status register.
/NOFD
See the description of /NOPD.
/NOPD
Can be used with the /INSTRUCTION qualifier to override treating
symbols as function or procedure descriptors. You can place the
qualifier immediately after the /INSTRUCTION qualifier, or following a
symbol name. /NOFD and /NOPD are completely interchangeable. SDA
interprets them based on the architecture of the system or dump being
analyzed.
For more details on using the /NOFD and /NOPD qualifiers, see the
description for the /PD qualifier.
/NOSUPPRESS
Inhibits the suppression of zeros when displaying memory with one of
the following qualifiers: /ALL, /P0, /P1, /SYSTEM, or when a range is
specified.
/P0
Displays the entire program region for the default process. Do not
specify parameters when you use this qualifier.
/P1
Displays the entire control region for the default process. Do not
specify parameters when you use this qualifier.
/PD
Causes the EXAMINE command to treat the location specified in the
EXAMINE command as a function descriptor (FD) or procedure descriptor
(PD). /FD or /PD can also be used
to qualify symbols. /FD and /PD are completely interchangeable. SDA
interprets them based on the architecture of the system or dump being
analyzed. For clarity, the remainder of this description refers only to
/PD and /NOPD.
You can use the /PD and /NOPD qualifiers with the /INSTRUCTION
qualifier to override treating symbols as procedure descriptors.
Placing the qualifier right after a symbol overrides how the symbol is
treated. /PD forces it to be a procedure descriptor, and /NOPD forces
it to not be a procedure descriptor.
Only the /PD qualifier can be placed right after the /INSTRUCTION
qualifier. SDA treats the calculated value as a function or procedure
descriptor as appropriate.
In the following examples, TEST_ROUTINE is a PD symbol. Its value is
500 and the code address in this procedure descriptor is 1000. The
first example displays intructions starting at 520.
EXAMINE/INSTRUCTION TEST_ROUTINE/NOPD+20
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The next example fetches code address from TEST_ROUTINE PD, adds 20 and
displays instructions at that address. In other words, it displays code
starting at location 1020.
EXAMINE/INSTRUCTION TEST_ROUTINE+20
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The final example treates the address TEST_ROUTINE+20 as a procedure
descriptor, so it fetches the code address out of a procedure
descriptor at address 520. It then uses that address to display
instructions.
EXAMINE/INSTRUCTION/PD TEST_ROUTINE/NOPD+20
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/PFS
(I64 only.)
Examines the specified expression in the format of a previous function
state.
/PHYSICAL
Examines physical addresses. You cannot use the /PHYSICAL qualifier
in combination with the /P0, /P1, or /SYSTEM qualifiers.
/PS
Examines the specified quadword, displaying its contents in the format
of a processor status. This qualifier must precede any parameters used
in the command line.
/PSR
(I64 only.)
Examines the specified expression in the format of a processor status
register.
/PTE
Interprets and displays the specified quadword as a page table entry
(PTE). The display separates individual fields of the PTE and provides
an overall description of the PTE's type.
/SYSTEM
Displays portions of the writable system region. Do not specify
parameters when you use this qualifier.
/TIME
Examines the specified quadword, displaying its contents in the format
of a system-date-and-time quadword.
Description
The following sections describe how to use the EXAMINE command.
Examining Locations
When you use the EXAMINE command to look at a location, SDA displays
the location in symbolic notation (symbolic name plus offset), if
possible, and its contents in hexadecimal and ASCII formats:
SDA> EXAMINE G6605C0
806605C0: 64646464.64646464 "dddddddd"
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If the ASCII character that corresponds to the value contained in a
byte is not printable, SDA displays a period (.). If the specified
location does not exist in memory, SDA displays this message:
%SDA-E-NOTINPHYS, address : virtual data not in physical memory
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To examine a range of locations, you can designate starting and ending
locations separated by a colon. For example:
Alternatively, you can specify a location and a length, in bytes,
separated by a semicolon. For example:
When used to display the contents of a range of locations, the EXAMINE
command displays six or ten columns of information. Ten columns are
used if the terminal width is 132 or greater, or if a SET OUTPUT has
been entered; six columns are used otherwise. An explanation of the
columns is as follows:
- Each of the first four or eight columns represents a longword of
memory, the contents of which are displayed in hexadecimal format.
- The fifth or ninth column lists the ASCII value of each byte in
each longword displayed in the previous four or eight columns.
- The sixth or tenth column contains the address of the first, or
rightmost, longword in each line. This address is also the address of
the first, or leftmost, character in the ASCII representation of the
longwords. Thus, you read the hexadecimal dump display from right to
left, and the ASCII display from left to right.
If a series of virtual addresses does not exist in physical memory, SDA
displays a message specifying the range of addresses that were not
translated.
If a range of virtual locations contains only zeros, SDA displays this
message:
Zeros suppressed from 'loc1' to 'loc2'
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Decoding Locations
You can translate the contents of memory locations into instruction
format by using the /INSTRUCTION qualifier. This qualifier causes SDA
to display the location in symbolic notation (if possible) and its
contents in instruction format. The operands of decoded instructions
are also displayed in symbolic notation. The location must be longword
aligned (Alpha) or octaword aligned (I64).
Examining Memory Regions
You can display an entire region of virtual memory by using one or more
of the qualifiers /ALL, /SYSTEM, /P0, and /P1 with the EXAMINE command.
Other Uses
Other uses of the EXAMINE command appear in the following examples.
Note
When examining individual locations, addresses are usually symbolized,
as described previously. If the SET SYMBOLIZE OFF command is issued,
addresses are not symbolized. See the SET SYMBOLIZE command for further
details.
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Examples
| #1 |
SDA> EXAMINE/PFS 7FF43C10
PPL PEC RRB.PR RRB.FR RRB.GR SOR SOL SOF
0 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 23. (32-54) 31. (32-62)
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This example shows the display produced by the EXAMINE/PFS command.
Headings refer to previous privilege level (PPL), previous epilog count
(PEC), Register Rename Base (RRB) for Predicate (PR), Floating (FR),
and General (GR) Registers, Size of Rotating (SOR) or Local (SOL)
portion of the stack frame or Size of the Stack Frame (SOF). For more
information, see the Intel IA-64 Architecture Software Developer's Manual.
| #2 |
SDA> EXAMINE/PS 7FF95E78
MBZ SPAL MBZ IPL VMM MBZ CURMOD INT PRVMOD
0 00 00000000000 08 0 0 KERN 0 EXEC
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This example shows the display produced by the EXAMINE/PS command.
| #3 |
SDA> EXAMINE/PSR 7FF43C78
RT TB LP DB SI DI PP SP DFH DFL DT PK I IC MFH MFL AC BE
1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0
IA BN ED RI SS DD DA ID IT MC IS CPL
0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
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This example shows the display produced by the EXAMINE/PSR command.
| #4 |
SDA> EXAMINE/PTE @^QMMG$GQ_L1_BASE
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3 3 2 2 2 1 1 1
1 0 9 7 0 8 6 5 7 6 0
+-+-+--+--------------+-+-+---+-+---------------+-+-----------+-+
|0|1|00| 0000 |0|X| 00|0| 11 |X| 04 |0|
+-+-+--+--------------+-+-+---+-+---------------+-+-----------+-+
| 00000C37 |
+---------------------------------------------------------------+
Valid PTE: Read Prot = K---, Write Prot = K---
Owner = K, Fault on = -E--, ASM = 00, Granularity Hint = 00
CPY = 00 PFN = 00000C37
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The EXAMINE/PTE command displays and formats the level 1 page table
entry at FFFFFEFD.BF6FC000. For more information on interpreting this
display, see Section 2.8.
| #5 |
SDA> EXAMINE/CONDITION_VALUE R0
%SYSTEM-F-NOPRIV, insufficient privilege or object protection violation
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This example shows the text associated with the condition code in R0.
| #6 |
SDA> EXAMINE/TIME EXE$GQ_SYSTIME
12-DEC-2001 08:23:07.80
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This example displays the current system as an ASCII absolute time.
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