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 HP OpenVMS System Manager's Manual, Volume 2:... |
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| access control list (ACL) | A protection mechanism using a more refined levelof protection than that available with UIC-based protection.ACLs can be used to grant or deny access to individual users or groupsof users. |
| access mode | Any of the four processor access modes in whichsoftware executes. Processor access modes prevent system softwarefrom inadvertently performing operations that might damage the system.Processor access modes are in order from most to least privilegedand protected: kernel, executive, supervisor, and user. When theprocessor is in any mode other than kernel mode, the processor isinhibited from executing privileged instructions. |
| account | Each system user has an account. When you log in,you log in under a particular account name and number. This numberinforms the system where your files are and what kind of accessto other files and system facilities you should be given. |
| accounting files | Files where the system stores information aboutresource use. Compare with current accounting file. |
| active set | In a multiprocessing system, the subset of processorsthat have successfully run power-on diagnostics and are activelyparticipating in system operations. Compare with availableset. |
| active values | With system parameters, the set of values that isstored in memory and is used by the active system. When the systemboots, it reads into memory the current values storedin a parameter file on disk. |
| adjacent node | In a network, a node that is connected to your nodeby a single physical line. |
| allocation class | In an OpenVMS Cluster environment, for devices thatare dual-ported between two computers, a numeric value used to createa unique, path-independent device name. |
| answer file | A file in the form SYS$UPDATE:product.ANS.The file is created when you install a product initially, and youspecify the Auto-Answer option. The file contains a record of theanswers you entered when you ran VMSINSTAL.COM to install that productinitially. |
| application service | A LAT service in which LANusers can access only a specific program. Contrast with generaltimesharing service. |
| area router | In a network, a node that performs routing operationsbetween areas and within its own area. Also called a level2 router. Compare with level 1 router. |
| autoconfiguration | Autoconfiguration is the process of discoveringthe hardware devices on a system and loading the appropriate devicedrivers. |
| autostart feature | A feature that simplifies startup and ensures highavailability of execution queues in an OpenVMS Cluster environment.It lets you perform the following actions:
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| autostart queue | An execution queue that takes advantage of the autostartfeature. When you create a queue, you can designateit as an autostart queue. |
| available set | In a multiprocessing system, those processors thathave successfully completed the system's power-on hardware diagnosticsand may or may not be actively involved in the system. Compare with active set. |
| backlink | In Files--11 disk structure, a pointer to the directoryin which a file resides. |
| banner page | A specially formatted page that prints at the beginningand end of print jobs and files within print jobs. These pages arehelpful in identifying and separating output jobs, and the fileswithin those jobs, when they are printed. |
| base process priority | A base priority value that the system uses to schedulea process. Priorities range from a low of 0 to a high of 31; 0 through15 are timesharing priorities and 16 through 31 are real-time priorities.Compare with job scheduling priority. |
| batch execution queue | An execution queue that can accept only batch jobs. |
| batch job | A detached process that sequentially runs one ormore command procedures. The user defines the list of command procedureswhen submitting the job to a batch queue. |
| batch mode | An execution mode in which you can execute a commandprocedure by submitting the procedure to a batch queue. When resourcesare available, the system creates a detached process to executethe commands in the procedure. Usually, processes running in batchmode execute at a lower process priority, to avoid competing withinteractive users for system resources. |
| beginning-of-tape (BOT) marker | A piece of photoreflective tape that delimits thebeginning of the writable area on a tape volume. |
| binding | On an InfoServer system, a function that createsa virtual device unit on a local OpenVMS system. |
| block | On Files--11 disks, the basic unit by which diskspace is allocated (512 8-bit bytes). On magnetic tape, the sizeof a block is determined by the user. |
| boot block | Virtual block 1 of the index file. The boot (orbootstrap) block is almost always mapped to the logical block 0of the volume. The book block contains the location and size ofthe primary bootstrap image, which is usedto boot the system. Certain processors, in order to boot, must readthe boot block to obtain the location of the primary bootstrap image. |
| booting | Also called bootstrapping,the process of loading system software from the system disk into processormemory. You must install the operating system before you boot thesystem for the first time. See also conversational boot and nonstopboot. |
| bootstrapping | See booting. |
| bpi | Bits per inch; a measure used for characters ofdata on tape. Also called density. |
| caching | A performance enhancement in which the system storesinformation in memory; this includes information about a disk volume'sfree space, file identifications, quota file entries, and file headers. |
| capability | On VAX systems, software that makes the servicesof the vector processor available to system users. |
| cathedral windows | Segmented windows created from mapping windows;useful for reducing the overhead required to read large files. TheBuffered I/O Byte Count Limit (BITLM) limits the number of cathedral windowsa user can create. |
| circuit | In a network, a communications data path that connects adjacentnodes. A circuit is not a physical data path but, rather,a logical connection that operates over a physical connection (aline). All input and output (I/O) between nodes takes place overcircuits. |
| cluster | On Files--11 media, a logical grouping of blocks;the basic unit by which disk space is allocated. See also OpenVMS Cluster system. |
| CMIP | See Common Management Information Protocol. |
| command procedure | A file containing DCL commands and, optionally,data used by those commands. When you execute a command procedure,the system reads the file and executes the commands it contains. Thiseliminates the need for you to enter each command separately. Youcan use command procedures to efficiently perform routine tasks.A command procedure can also be executed in batch mode. |
| command string | The complete specification of a command, includingthe command name, command qualifiers, parameters, and parameterqualifiers. Because a command can be continued on more than one line,the term is used to define the entire command. |
| Common Management Information Protocol (CMIP) | Draft standard for network management operationson which DECnet-Plus network management protocol is based. CMIPis used for encoding network management operations that can be performedon an entity. CMIP permits the exchange of information between adirector and an agent. CMIP supersedes the Phase IV Network Informationand Control Exchange (NICE) protocol. |
| Compact Disc Read-Only Memory (CD--ROM) | Computer discs similar to the CD--ROMs used foraudio applications. The major difference is that CD--ROM computerdisc players have a digital (rather than an audio) interface. |
| configuration database | In a network, each node has a configuration databasethat includes information about the node and other nodes with whichit can communicate. The configuration database is made up of a permanentdatabase and volatile database. |
| connection manager | In an OpenVMS Cluster environment, the componentthat dynamically defines the OpenVMS Cluster system and coordinatesparticipation of computers in the cluster. |
| conversational boot | A booting operation in which you stop to performspecial operations -- for example, to change system parameter values-- before booting. Contrast with nonstop boot. Conversational boot operations are common in programming researchand development environments where you must alter operating conditionsfor experimentation, testing, and debugging. |
| Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) | International standard for measuring time of day. |
| crash dump | When the operating system detects an unrecoverableerror or an inconsistency within itself that causes the system tofail, it writes the contents of the error log buffers, processorregisters, and memory into the system dump file. |
| crash history file | A file storing information about system crashes.Use the Crash Log Utility Extractor (CLUE) to display the contentsof the crash history file to understand and resolve the issues responsiblefor crashes, and to obtain other useful data. |
| current accounting file | In an OpenVMS Cluster environment, an accountingfile for a particular node. By default, the currentaccounting file is SYS$MANAGER:ACCOUNTNG.DAT. |
| current values | With system parameters, the set of values that isstored in the default parameter file on disk and are used to bootthe system. When the system boots, it reads the current parametervalues into memory to create active values. |
| cylinder | On a disk, consists of all tracks atthe same radius on all recording surfaces of the disk. |
| data area | One of two divisions of CD--ROM volume space; includesthe remaining volume space, beginning with logical sector 16. |
data record storage Within tape files, data records are stored in variable-sizedata blocks. Each block contains one or more records. RMS providesmanagement of records.
DECnet Generic name for the software and hardware productsthat allow various HP operating systems to participate in a network.DECnet allows a system to function as a node in a network. See also DECnet PhaseIV, DECnet-Plus for OpenVMS,and TCP/IP Services for OpenVMS.
DECnet Phase IV Older version of DECnet; available for separateinstallation as a layered product.
DECnet-Plus for OpenVMS The version of DECnet that is available with theinstallation procedure for the OpenVMS operating system. DECnet-Plusis HP's implementation of the Digital Network Architecture (DNA)Phase V.
default values With system parameters, the set of values providedon your distribution kit and stored in the default list. These valuesallow you to boot any supported configuration.
density A measurement, in bits per inch, used for charactersof data on tape.
device Hardware that allows access to storage media; alsocalled drive.
device control library A text library that contains user-written modulesconsisting of text or escape sequences. See also devicecontrol module.
device control library module A user-written module in a device controllibrary. Device control library modules can be usedfor the following purposes:
device driver A system component that controls I/O operationsfor a particular device type. For a device to function on a system,the device must be connected and the device driver must be loadedinto memory.
TCP/IP Services for OpenVMS HP's implementation of the TCP/IP protocolsuite and Internet services for OpenVMS Alpha, I64, and VAX operatingsystems.)
disk Physical media on which files reside.
disk quota A method for maintaining and enforcing limits onthe amount of disk space available to users on a public volume.See also quota file.
drive Hardware that allows access to storage media; alsocalled device.
end node In a network, a node that does not perform routingoperations.
end-of-tape (EOT) marker A piece of photoreflective tape that delimits theend of the writable area on a tape volume.
ERRFMT process System process that periodically empties the errorlog buffers, transforms the descriptions of the errors into standardformats, and stores the formatted information in the errorlog file on the system disk.
error log dump file On Alpha and I64 systems, file to which the contentsof error log buffers are written (in addition to the system dumpfile). The error log dump file is provided so that the system canbe updated on reboot to include error log entries that were createdbut not written at the time of a system crash.
error log file The operating system automatically records deviceand CPU error messages in this file. The Error Log utility invokesthe Error Report Formatter (ERF) to selectivelyreport the contents of an error log file.
Error Report Formatter (ERF) A system component invoked by the Error Log utilityto selectively report the contents of the error log file.
Ethernet A single shared network channel, with all nodeshaving equal access to the channel. Ethernet offers local and remoteconnections as one integral network.
event classes Categories of security-relevant events. The systemalways audits several event classes.
executable image An image that can be run in a process. It is linkedwith the /EXECUTABLE qualifier (or without the /SHAREABLE qualifier)of the Linker utility.
execution queue A queue that accepts batch or print jobs for processing.Compare with generic queue.
executive A set of programs in the operating system that controlsthe running of routines that perform I/O, resource allocation, andprogram execution. See also executive routines.
executive mode The second most privileged processor accessmode. OpenVMS Record Management Services (RMS) and manysystem service procedures execute in executive mode.
executive routines System routines that detect errors and events andwrite relevant information into error log buffers in memory. Seealso executive
expiration date The Files--11 On-Disk Structure uses the expirationdate of a file to track the use of a file. The expiration date aidsin the disposal of seldom-used files.
extent On Files--11 volumes, contiguous blocks allocatedto a particular file.
feedback Information, continuously collected by the executive,about the amount of various resources the system uses to processits work load. When run in feedback mode, AUTOGEN analyzes thisinformation and adjusts the values for any related system parameters.
field In a UAF record, a portion of the record you modifywith the Authorize utility. The values you assign to each fieldperform the following functions:
file On Files--11 media, an array of consecutive virtualblocks, numbered 1 to n, plus a set of attributeswith values. A file is either a data file or a directory file. Directoriescan contain both data files and directory files.
file banner page A banner page that separatesfiles within a job; users can override the file banner page settingsyou set for a queue.
file header On a Files--11 volume, describes a portion of afile on the volume. File headers contain information such as the ownerUIC, protection code, creationdate and time, and access control list (ACL) .
file operation In the Backup utility, an operation that processesindividual files or directories.
Files--11 On--Disk Structure A logical structure given to information storedon a disk; it is a hierarchical organization of files, their data,and the directories needed to gain access to them.
Files--11 volume A disk volume that uses Files-11 On-Disk Structureand is mounted on a device.
full backup See image backup.
full names On VAX systems, hierarchically structured DECnet-Plusnode names that can be stored in a DECdns naming service. Full nameson VAX systems can be a maximum of 255 bytes long.
gateway In a TCP/IP network, a computer that is connectedto two networks and routes packets from one to the other.
general timesharing service A LAT service offering processing resources to usersin the LAN. Contrast with application service.
generic batch queue A generic queue that can direct jobs only to batchexecution queues.
Generic batch queues are typically used in OpenVMS Clusterenvironments to distribute the batch work load across several nodes.
generic output queue A generic queue can direct jobs to any output executionqueue. Generic output queues are typically used to distribute theoutput work load among several identical printers.
generic queue A queue that holds batch or print jobs until theyare transferred to an execution queue for processing.
A generic queue holds a job until an appropriate executionqueue becomes available to initiate the job. The queuemanager then requeues the job to the available executionqueue.
group volume A volume available to all the users in a group.Compare to system volume.
header labels On magnetic tape, labels containing informationsuch as the file name, creation date, and expiration date. Whenyou create a file on magnetic tape, the magnetic tape file systemwrites header labels immediately preceding the data block. To accessa file on magnetic tape by the file name, the file system searchesthe tape for the header label set that contains the specified filename.
header resident image A known image for which theheader of the image file remains permanently resident in memory,saving one disk I/O operation per file access.
home block A block in a Files--11 volume that identifies itas a Files-11 volume. Usually, the home block is the next blockafter the boot block (block 0). If for somereason the home block cannot be read (is physically unusable), analternative block is selected for use as the home block. This blockprovides specific information about the volume and default valuesfor files on the volume.
host In a TCP/IP network, each end system connected toa TCP/IP network. Each host has a unique name and address. The localhost is the system you are using, and the remote host is the systemwith which you are communicating.
identification record A record of a file header thatcontains a summary of disk and volume characteristics.
IDP See new domain part.
image A collection of procedures and data bound togetherby the Linker utility to form an executable program. Executableprograms can be executed (or run) by a process. Usually, executableprograms have the file type .EXE.
image backup Also called a full backup. A Backup utility operationthat saves a copy of all the files on a disk (or volume) to a specialfile called a save set. See also imageoperation.
image compare A Backup utility operation that compares the contentsof entire volumes.
image copy A Backup utility operation that creates a new Files--11On-Disk Structure on the output disk and copies an entire volume;the image backup is a logical duplicate of the contents of the disk.
image operation A Backup utility operation that processes all fileson the input disk.
image registry A file associated with the Image Registry facility.To continue using a compatible application image that depends ona previous operating system version, you can register the imagein the Image Registry.
image restore A Backup utility operation that initializes theoutput disk and restores an entire volume.
incremental backup A Backup utility operation that saves only thosefiles that have been created or modified since the most recent backupthat was performed using the /RECORD qualifier. (The /RECORD qualifierrecords the date and time that the files are backed up.)
incremental restore A Backup utility operation that restores an incremental saveset.
InfoServer system An Ethernet-based, high-performance, virtualdevice server. The InfoServer system can serve physicaldevice media and sets of logical disk blocks to client systems ina local area network (LAN). Systems running the appropriate clientsoftware can connect to virtual devices served by the InfoServer systemand use them as though they are locally attached devices.
initialization file In certain utilities, a file used each time youinvoke the utility. In the initialization file, you can performtasks such as defining keys and setting up your environment.
installation procedure The procedure for installing the operating systemfor the first time. Also, a procedure for installing a layered product.
IRG (interrecord gap) On magnetic tape, the interval of space betweenblocks.
job banner pages banner pages that identifyjobs; users cannot override job banner pages that you set for aqueue. Compare with file banner pages.
job controller The system process that creates a process to performthe tasks in a batch job.
job scheduling priority A priority value that the system uses to schedulebatch or print jobs in a queue. Job scheduling priorities rangefrom a low of 0 to a high of 255. Compare with base processpriority
kernel mode The most privileged processor accessmode. The operating system's most privileged services, suchas I/O drivers and the pager, run in kernel mode. When in kernelmode, the processor has complete control of, and responsibilityfor, the system.
key processes Processes that are dumped immediately followingPT, S0/S1, and S2, including transition pages that link back. Thesystem manager can designate additional processes to be treatedas key processes. Key processes have priority over other processesin a dump, thus ensuring that the selected processes are successfullywritten when the dump file is too small to contain all processes.
known file list An internal data structure on which the system defines knownimages. Each entry in the known file list identifiesthe file name of the known image and the attributes with which itwas installed.
known image An image installed with the Install utility (INSTALL).When you install an image, the image is assigned attributes andbecomes known to the system.
LASTport protocol A specialized LAN transport protocol, implementedby the InfoServer software, that allows many clients to access InfoServersystems and perform reliable device read and write operations.
The LASTport/DISK protocol and LASTport/TAPE protocol arespecialized disk and tape protocols that use the LASTport protocol.
See also InfoServer system.
LAT protocol Protocol, implemented by the LAT software, thatallows the operating system to offer resources, or LAT servicesthat terminal servers can access.
LAT service announcements Multicast messages sent by LAT servicenodes and used to create a database of service nodesavailable.
LAT service node A system that supports incoming LAT connectionsor a system that offers LAT services.
LAT services Computing resources made available to users in theLAN through the LAT software. A LAT service can be a generaltimesharing service or an application service.
level 1 router In a network, a node that performs routing operationswithin a single area. Compare with level 2 router.
level 2 router In a network, a node that performs routing operationsbetween areas and within its own area. Also called an arearouter. Compare with level 1 router.
license Many software vendors provide software to theircustomers under an agreement called a license. Although the term license canhave specific legal connotations, for the purpose of this manuala license refers to the authorization you have to use a product.
The License Management facility (LMF) lets you register, manage,and track software licenses on line. See also ProductAuthorization Key (PAK) .
lines In a network, physical data paths that connect adjacentnodes. Communications lines connect your computer tothe DECnet network.
In a TCP/IP network, a line is the physical path over whichdata can pass from one host to another.
load address The location in memory (specified in hexadecimalnotation) to which the system loads the bootstrap image.
Local Area VAXcluster configuration A VAXcluster configuration in which a single VAXcomputer serves as the management center of the cluster, plus oneor more VAX computers that are connected to this hub.
local cluster In the System Management utility (SYSMAN), the nodefrom which you are executing SYSMAN.
local node In a network, the node on which you are working.
In the System Management utility (SYSMAN), the node on whichyou execute SYSMAN.
Contrast with remote node.
logical block Organizational unit of volume space. The logicalblock size cannot exceed the logical sector size.
logical block numbering Begins with the first byte in the volume space andcontinues in a sequentially ascending order through the remainderof the volume space.
logical link In a network, connects two processes and carriesa stream of two-way communications traffic between the processesover a circuit. A single circuit establishedbetween two nodes can support many logical links concurrently.
logical name table A table containing definitions of systemwide logicalnames that can be used by any process in the system.
logical queue A special type of generic output queue that transfersprint jobs to another output execution queue. You might use thiskind of queue to temporarily redirect a queue when the device onwhich it runs is broken.
logical sector Organizational unit of a volume; consists of oneor more physical sectors. No more than one logical sector can beginin any physical sector.
Logical sectors are numbered in ascending order, with 0 assignedto the logical sector having the lowest physical address containingrecorded data. Each logical sector includes a data field made upof 2048 or more bytes (the number of bytes always equals a powerof 2).
login command procedure A command procedure that executes each time a userlogs in. Add commands to a login command procedure to execute commandswhen a user logs in, for example, to set up the user environment.
login (LGI) system parameters System parameters that control login functions.The names of these system parameters begin with LGI.
loopback tests In a network, a series of tests to help determinewhether the network is operating properly.
lost file A file that is not linked to a directory. When youdelete a directory file (a file with the file type .DIR) withoutfirst deleting its subordinate files, the files referred to by thatdirectory become lost files. Lost files are a nonproductive useof disk space and act as debits against a user's diskquota.
Magnetic Tape Ancillary Control Process (MTACP) The internal software process of the operating systemthat interprets the logical format of standard labeled tape volumes.
maintenance release A release of the operating system that is appliedwith an update procedure.
managers Devices on the network through which managementis done using the Extensible Simple Network Management Protocol(eSNMP). Managers exchange information with master agents orsubagents, which are devices such as routers and servers on thenetwork being managed.
mandatory update A software update that is required immediately afterupgrading or installing the operating system.
mass storage control protocol (MSCP) server In an OpenVMS Cluster environment, the component thatimplements the MSCP protocol, which is used to communicate witha controller for DSA disks, such as RA-series disks. In conjunctionwith one or both of the disk class device drivers (DUDRIVER,DSDRIVER), the MSCP server implements this protocol on a computer,allowing the computer to function as a storage controller.
master agents Devices such as routers and servers on the networkbeing managed (using the Extensible Simple Network Management Protocol(eSNMP) ). Master agents or subagents exchange information with managers,which are the devices on the network through which the managementis done.
master file directory (MFD) The file that contains the name of all user filedirectories on a disk.
media The physical substance on which you can store data.
mount verification A recovery mechanism for disk and tape operations.If a device goes off line or is write-locked whilemount verification is enabled, you can correct the problem and continuethe operation.
multivolume file A file that is continued on another volume whenthe data blocks of a file or related files do not physically fiton one volume (a reel of magnetic tape).
network A means of connecting computers that allows themto share or transfer information or communications. A network includestwo or more computers that are connected, and the hardware and softwarethat makes those connections.
network proxy account A user account that allows users on a remotenode in a network to access data by way of a local accounton your system. Proxy accounts are useful when you want to grantone or more users on a remote node access to specific files butyou do not want to give them a private account on your system.
new domain part (IDP) Unique network identifier that allows users on aDECnet-Plus network to communicate with users on other OSI networks,either through electronic mail, EDI, FTAM, VTP, or other internetworkutilities.
node In a network, a computer system that is connectedto another system in a network -- by means of cables, telephonelines, microwave and satellite links, for example.
nonlocal cluster In the System Management utility (SYSMAN), any clusterother than the one from which you are executing SYSMAN.
nonlocal environment In the System Management utility (SYSMAN), yourenvironment when you are not working on your local node or withinyour own cluster.
nonstop boot The most common booting operation. You perform anonstop boot if you do not want to stop to perform special operations-- for example, to change system parameter values -- before booting.Contrast with conversational boot.
object In a network, a process to which a logicallink connects. Some objects are DECnet programs -- for example,the Mail object; other objects are user-written programs.
For two programs to communicate over the network, the sourceprogram on the local node establishes a logical link withthe object on the remote node.
OPCOM messages Messages broadcast by the Operator CommunicationManager (OPCOM). These messages are displayed on operatorterminals and written to the operator logfile. The messages might be general messages that yousend, user requests, operator replies, or system events.
OPCOM process The system process that manages Operator CommunicationManager (OPCOM) operations.
OpenVMS Cluster system A loosely coupled configuration of two or more computersand storage subsystems. An OpenVMS Cluster system appears as a singlesystem to the user, even though it shares some or all of the systemresources. When a group of computers shares resources in an OpenVMSCluster environment, the storage and computing resources of allthe computers are combined, which can increase the processing power.
operator log file The Operator Communication Manager (OPCOM) recordsmessages in this file. The file is named SYS$MANAGER:OPERATOR.LOG.
operator terminals Terminals designated to display messages broadcastby the Operator Communication Manager (OPCOM). Usually, the consoleterminal (with the device name OPA0:) is the operator terminal. However,you can designate any user terminal as an operator terminal.
output execution queue A queue that accepts jobs for processing by a symbiont.The queue manager sends the symbiont a listof files, which the user defines when submitting the job. An outputsymbiont transfers data from a disk to an output device. As thesymbiont processes each file, it produces output for the deviceit controls, such as a printer or a terminal.
owner UIC Used with UIC-based protection,usually the UIC of the person who created a file or volume.
page A unit used for allocating and deallocating memory.
On VAX systems, a page is 512 bytes.
On Alpha and I64 systems, a page can be 8 kilobytes (KB) (8192bytes), 16KB, 32KB, or 64KB. The initial set of Alpha computersuses a page size of 8192 bytes. Compare with pagelet.
page file In a paging operation, thefile to which the system writes paged portions of memory. Your distributionkit includes a page file named SYS$SYSTEM:PAGEFILE.SYS. If necessary, SYS$SYSTEM:PAGEFILE.SYScan be used in place of the system crash dump file.
pagelet On Alpha and I64 systems, a unit of memory in a512-byte quantity. One Alpha or I64 pagelet is the same size asone VAX page. Also, on an Alpha 8KB computer, 16 Alpha pageletsequal 1 Alpha page.
page setup module A device control module insertedat the beginning of each page of a print job.
paging A memory management operation to efficiently usethe physical memory allotted to a process by moving informationbetween physical memory and files stored on disk. In paging, thesystem moves infrequently used portions of a process workspace outof physical memory to a file. Compare with swapping.
PAK See Product Authorization Key (PAK) .
partition A logical subset of a read/write disk. A singledisk can be subdivided into several partitions, each of which ofwhich can be used independently. The partitions appear to be wholedisks.
permanent database In a network, a permanent copy of the DECnet configurationdatabase. When you start the network, the permanentdatabase provides the initial values for the volatiledatabase. Changes remain after the network is shut down,but do not affect the current system.
permanently open image A known image where directoryinformation on the image file remains permanently resident in memory,eliminating the usual directory search required to locate a file.
physical dump A crash dump containing theentire contents of physical memory to the system dumpfile. Compare with selective dump.
physical operation In the Backup utility, an operation that copies,saves, restores, or compares an entire volume by logical blocks,ignoring any file structure.
physical sector Division of a system or data area; smallest addressableunit on an ISO 9660 CD--ROM.
primary bootstrap image Program that the boot block points to, which allowsaccess to the system disk by finding the the secondarybootstrap image, SYSBOOT.EXE, and loading it into memory.
On VAX systems, the primary bootstrap image is VMB.EXE.
On Alpha systems, the primary bootstrap image is APB.EXE.
primary page and swap files The default page file and swapfile provided with your distribution kit. These filesare named SYS$SYSTEM:PAGEFILE.SYS and SYS$SYSTEM:SWAPFILE.SYS. Contrastwith secondary page and swap files.
primary processor In a multiprocessing system, the processor thatis either logically or physically attached to the console deviceand is the target of the console commands that bootstrap the multiprocessingsystem. The primary processor is responsible for starting otherprocessors in the multiprocessing system. It also serves as thesystem timekeeper.
print forms You can use print forms with output queues to determinecertain page formatting attributes (such as margins and page length).In addition, the paper stock specified in a form determines whethera job is printed; if the stock of a job's form does not match thestock of the form mounted on the queue, the job is not printed.
HP supplies a default print form named DEFAULT. You can createadditional forms if users need help formatting output, or if certainprint jobs require special paper.
print job An entry in an output queue that specifies a fileor files to be printed on a printer. The user defines the file orfiles to be printed when submitting the job. When a printer is available,the queue manager sends the file to a symbiont forformatting and printing.
printer queue A type of output execution queue that uses a symbiont todirect output to a printer. Compare with server queue and terminalqueue.
priority See base process priority or jobscheduling priority.
private volume A file-structured disk volume that contains onlyprivate files.
privileged image A known image where increased privileges aretemporarily assigned to any process running the image, permittingthe process to exceed its user authorization file (UAF) privilegerestrictions during execution of the image. In this way, users withnormal privileges can run programs that require higher-than-normalprivileges.
privileges A means of restricting the functions users are authorizedto perform on the system. System managers require privileges thatare denied to most users.
process limits and quotas User authorization file (UAF) parameters you canset for a user account to control the usage of system resourcesby processes in that account. (UAF parameters are different than systemparameters.) You set values for process limits and quotas usingthe Authorize utility.
Product Authorization Key (PAK) Information, typically on a piece of paper, providedfor many HP products. The data provided in the PAK allows you toregister a software license in the licensedatabase on a system.
product configuration file (PCF) Optional POLYCENTER Software Installation utilityfile that might be supplied by the software manufacturer, or youcan create it. A PCF contains responses to some or all of the installationquestions for a product. It can provide default or required choices,which might differ from the default choices provided in the PDF.
product database (PDB) Database that is created automatically by the POLYCENTERSoftware Installation utility. When products are installed, thefiles and other objects that make up the product, such as directoriesand accounts, are recorded in the PDB. The configuration choicesmade during installation are also recorded.
product description file (PDF) File provided by the software manufacturer containingall the information the POLYCENTER Software Installation utilityneeds for installing either a software product or a set of softwareproducts.
product text file (PTF) POLYCENTER Software Installation utility file thatis optionally supplied by the software manufacturer. It providesinformation about the product including product name, producer, configurationchoice descriptions, and message text used during product installation.
protected image A known image that is a shareableimage and contains protected code. Protected code iscode that runs in kernel mode or executivemode but that can be called by a user mode image.
protection code Used with UIC-based protection,indicates who is allowed access and for what purposes.
public volume A Files--11 volume that any user on the system canaccess and that can contain both private and public files.
queue Allows users to submit requests for printing orbatch processing. The system prints users' print jobs or processesusers' batch jobs as resources allow.
queue characteristics Characteristics you can define and assign to a queueto control the batch or print jobs that execute on the queue.
queue database A file or files that store information about queuesand batch and print jobs.
queue manager The system component that controls queue activity.
quota file On Files--11 volumes, the file that records allusers who are allowed to use a disk and that shows their currentdisk usage and their maximum disk allocation. A quota file, QUOTA.SYS,which is stored in directory [000000] with other system files, requires1 block of disk storage for every 16 entries. See also disk quotas.
reconfiguration After installation of a product, changing the configurationchoices made during the installation.
record blocking On Files--11 volumes, the grouping of individualrecords into a block, thereby reducing wasted space.
remote node In a network, a node that is accessible to the nodeyou are working on (the local node) over the network.
In the System Management utility (SYSMAN), any node otherthan the one on which you are executing SYSMAN.
Contrast with local node.
reset module A device control module insertedat the end of each print job. Use reset modules to reset a printerat the end of a job.
resident image On Alpha or I64 systems, a known image thatimproves the performance of a shareable image.With a resident image, portions of images that contain code aremoved into system space, where they reside on a large single page,thereby improving performance.
root volume The first volume in a volume set.Each volume in the volume set is identified by a volume number relativeto the root volume, which is always relative to volume 1.
router In a network, a node that performs routing operations.
routing In a network of more than two nodes, the processof directing a data message from a source node to a destinationnode (known as an end node ). Both routersand end nodes can send messages to and receive messages from othernodes in the network.
In a TCP/IP network. routing is the process of directing adata message from a source host to a destination host. See also host.
ruleset Software routine or function that is analogous toan executable file; used by DECevent.
satellite In an OpenVMS Cluster system, a computer withouta local system disk. A satellite uses disks and tapes that are locallyconnected to another computer in the cluster. Disks and tapes areserved to satellites by means of the mass storage control protocol(MSCP) and the tape mass storage control protocol (TMSCP), respectively.
save set A special file used by the Backup utility. The Backuputility saves files to a save set and restores files from a saveset. Installation and upgrade procedures restore product files froma save set to your system disk.
scalar A single data item, having one value. Compare with vector.
secondary bootstrap image Image that allows access to the system disk: SYS$SYSTEM:SYSBOOT.EXE.
secondary page and swap files Additional page files and swapfiles that you might create for performance or diskspace reasons. The system uses the space in the secondary filesfor paging and swapping in addition to the space in the primarypage and swap files.
secondary processor In a multiprocessing system, any processor thatis not a primary processor.
sector The smallest unit discernible to the Files-11 On-Diskstructure. For most Files-11 disks, a sector is equivalent to ablock (512 bytes).
On ISO 9660 volumes, a uniquely addressable unit; each sectoron a CD--ROM comprises a sequence of 2048 8-bit bytes.
security audit log file A clusterwide file that contains a record of securityevents on the system. Using the ANALYZE/AUDIT command, you can producereports and summaries of security events from the security auditlog file.
selective dump A crash dump containing onlythose portions of memory most likely to be useful in a crash dumpanalysis. A selective dump is useful when sufficient disk spaceis not available to hold all physical memory. Compare with physicaldump.
selective operation A Backup utility operation that processes filesor volumes selectively, according to criteria such as version number,file type, UIC, date and time of creation, expiration date, or modification date.
sequential organization On magnetic tape media, the organization of data;that is, data is organized in the order in which it is written tothe tape.
server queue A type of output execution queue that uses a user-modifiedor user-written symbiont to process the filesthat belong to print jobs in the queue. Compare with printerqueue and terminal queue.
setup module A device control module insertedat the beginning of a file in a print job.
shareable image An image linked with the /SHAREABLE qualifier ofthe Linker utility; it must subsequently be linked into an executableimage to be used. Shareable images are sometimes referred to as linkableimages.
shared image A known image for which morethan one user can access the read-only and non-copy-on-referenceread/write sections of the image concurrently, so that only onecopy of those sections ever needs to be in physical memory.
shared resource In an OpenVMS Cluster environment, a resource (suchas a disk or a queue) that any node in the cluster can access. Datafiles, application programs, and printers are some items that canbe accessed by users on a cluster with shared resources, withoutregard to the particular node on which the files or program or printermight physically reside.
site-independent startup command procedure A command procedure that executes each time a system boots,and manages startup of a system. This file, named SYS$STARTUP:STARTUP.COM,is required on all systems, regardless of site-specific requirements. Donot modify this file. Compare with site-specificstartup command procedure.
site-specific startup command procedure A command procedure that executes each time a system boots.Unlike the site-independent startup command procedure,you can add commands to site-specific procedures to perform operationsthat vary from site to site.
sizing The process of matching the allocation of systemresources (memory and disk space) with the workload requirementsof your site. Use the AUTOGEN command procedure to automaticallysize your system.
slicing On Alpha or I64 systems, a feature that lets theoperating system split the contents of images and sort the piecesso that they can be placed with other pieces that have the samepage protection in the same area of memory. Consequently, translationbuffers on Alpha or I64 systems are used more efficiently than if theloadable executive images or the shareable images were loaded inthe traditional manner.
source disk In the command procedures VMSINSTAL.COM or VMSKITBLD.COM,the disk from which you copy files. Compare with targetdisk.
spooled printer A printer set up to write output to an intermediatestorage device (such as a disk). Spool printers if your system runsapplications that write or copy data directly to printers ratherthan submitting print jobs to a queue. In this way, printers remainavailable to other system users while the program is running.
startup database A file that contains information used to start upsystem software. For example, the site-independent startupcommand procedure uses information in a startup databasenamed STARTUP$STARTUP_VMS to start the operating system. It usesinformation in a startup database named STARTUP$STARTUP_LAYEREDto start layered products.
swap file In a swapping operation,the file to which the system writes swapped portions of memory.Your distribution kit includes a swap file named SYS$SYSTEM:SWAPFILE.SYS.
swapping A memory management operation to efficiently usethe physical memory allotted to an entire system by moving informationbetween physical memory and files stored on disk. In swapping, thesystem moves the entire workspace of a less active process out ofphysical memory to a file. Compare with paging.
symbiont Used with an output queue, a process for formattingof print jobs and sending them to a printer.
The standard print symbiont provided by the operating systemis named PRTSMB and is designed to print files on basic output devices.The LAT print symbiont LATSYM is used to print files on output devices attachedto a terminal server.
SYSGEN parameters See system parameters.
system area One of two divisions of CD--ROM volume space; includeslogical sectors 0 through 15. Reserved for system use.
System Communications Services (SCS) In an OpenVMS Cluster environment, software that implementsintercomputer communication, according to the HP Systems CommunicationsArchitecture (SCA).
system disk Disk on which operating system files are stored.
system dump file The file into which the operating system writesthe contents of the error log buffers, processor registers, andmemory when it detects an unrecoverable error or an inconsistencywithin itself that causes the system to fail. See also crashdump.
system image An image that does not run under the control ofthe operating system. It is intended for standalone operation only.The content and format of a system image differs from that of a shareableimage and an executable image.
system image snapshot A record of the system setup used with the Snapshotfacility.
system messages Messages returned by the system when you enter commandsin DCL or in utilities. These messages help you understand the resultof each command.
system parameters Parameters for which you can set values to controlhow the system functions. Values of system parameters control awide range of system functions including but not limited to memory management,process scheduling, and system security.
system startup Series of tasks that an operating system does tostart up the system.
system volume A volume available to all the users on a system.Compare to group volume.
systemwide logical name A logical name that applies to the entire system.It is defined in the system logical name table and can be used byany process in a system.
tape mass storage control protocol (TMSCP)server In an OpenVMS Cluster environment, the componentthat implements the TMSCP protocol, which is used to communicatewith a controller for local MSCP tapes, such as TU-series tapes.In conjunction with the tape class device driver (TUDRIVER),the TMSCP server implements this protocol on a processor, allowingthe processor to function as a storage controller.
target disk In VMSINSTAL.COM or VMSKITBLD.COM, the disk to whichyou move the system files. Compare with source disk.
terminal queue A type of output execution queue that uses a symbiont todirect output to a terminal printer. Compare with printerqueue and server queue.
terminal servers Communication devices dedicated for connecting terminals,modems, or printers to a local area network (LAN) and to other systemswithin a LAN. See also LAT protocol.
time differential factor (TDF) Difference between local system time and CoordinatedUniversal Time (UTC). See also Coordinated UniversalTime.
track On a disk, the collection of sectors (orblocks, on Files-11 volumes) at a single radius on one recording surfaceof the disk. It is accessible to a given read/write head positionon the disk device.
trailer labels On magnetic tape, labels similar to headerlabels, but which are written following the file.
transaction group A group of computers involved in DECdtm transactionswhose SCSNODE names must obey specific rules.
transaction log A file that stores information about DECdtm transactionsperformed on a node. It is of file type .LM$JOURNAL.
trusted logical names Logical names associated with executivemode or kernel mode.
tuning The process of altering various system values toobtain the optimum overall performance possible fromany given configuration and work load.
UAF See user authorization file (UAF) .
UETP (User Environment Test Package) A software package designed to test whether theOpenVMS operating system is installed correctly.
UIC See user identification code (UIC) .
UIC-based protection A protection mechanism based on the useridentification code (UIC) and applied to all protectedobjects. Compare with access control list (ACL) .
update procedure Procedure used if you have a previous version ofthe operating system and you want to make minor fixes to it. Whenyou update the operating system, the update procedure replaces somesystem files.
upgrade procedure If you are already running a standard version ofthe operating system, you can use the upgrade procedure to obtaina higher version.
user authorization file (UAF) A file containing an entry for every user that youauthorize to gain access to the system. Each entry identifies theuser name, password, default account, UIC (user identification code), quotas,limits, and privileges assigned to individuals who use the system.
User Environment Test Package (UETP) See UETP.
user identification code (UIC) The pair of numbers assigned to users, files, andother system objects, that specify the type of access availableto the owner, group, world, and system. The UIC consists of a group numberand a member number separated by a comma and enclosed within squarebrackets. Same as UIC. See also account and UIC-basedprotection.
user mode The least privileged processor accessmode. User processes and run-time library routines runin user mode.
UTC See Coordinated Universal Time.
utility program A program supplied by HP that performs a set ofrelated operations. For example, the Backup utility (BACKUP) allowsyou to save and restore files.
VAXport drivers In a VAXcluster environment, device drivers thatcontrol the communication paths between local and remote ports.(Examples are PADRIVER for the CI, PEDRIVER for the LAN, and PIDRIVERfor the DSSI.)
vector On VAX systems, a group of related scalar values,or elements, all of the same data type.
vector-capable systems On VAX systems, those systems that comply with theVAX vector architecture.
vector consumer On VAX systems, a process requiring the vector capabilityand having a vector context.
vector-present processor On VAX systems, an integrated scalar-vector processorpair, included in a VAX vector processing system configuration.
virtual device server Serves physical device media and sets of logicaldisk blocks to client systems in a local area network (LAN). Systemsrunning the appropriate client software can connect to virtual devicesas though they are locally attached devices. A virtual device serverdoes not impose a file system on the virtual devices that it serves.See also InfoServer system.
virtual device unit With an InfoServer system, a virtual device thatrepresents the local OpenVMS context for a volume that resides ona remote server.
Virtual disk units have a device name in the DADn: format. Virtual tape units have a device name inthe MADn: format.
See also binding, InfoServersystem, and virtual device server.
volatile database On a node in a network, a working copy of the DECnet configurationdatabase that reflects current network conditions. Contrastwith permanent database.
volume Disk or tape media that has been prepared for useby creating a new file structure on it and mounting it on a device.
volume set A collection of disk volumes bound into a singleentity by the DCL command MOUNT/BIND. To users, a volume set lookslike a single, large volume.
Also, the volumes on which a set of multivolume files is recorded.
volume space Set of all logical sectors on a volume containinginformation about the volume.
writable image A known image for which ashared non-copy-on-reference writable section is removed from physicalmemory (for paging reasons or because no processes are referencingit), and it is written back to the image file.
write lock A device becomes write-locked when a hardware oruser error occurs while a disk or magnetic tape volume is mountedfor a write operation. For example, if a disk is write-locked ora tape is missing a write ring, the hardware generates an error.
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