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Determines if a wide character corresponds to a single-byte multibyte character and returns its multibyte character representation.
#include <stdio.h>#include <wchar.h>
int wctob (wint_t c);
c
The wide character to be converted to a single-byte multibyte character.
The wctob function determines whether the specified wide character corresponds to a single-byte multibyte character when in the initial shift state and, if so, returns its multibyte character representation.
x The single-byte representation of the wide character specified. EOF Indicates an error. The wide character specified does not correspond to a single-byte multibyte character.
Converts a wide character to its multibyte character representation.
#include <stdlib.h>int wctomb (char *s, wchar_t wchar);
s
A pointer to the resulting multibyte character.wchar
The code for the wide character.
The wctomb function converts the wide character specified by wchar to its multibyte character representation. If s is NULL, then 0 is returned. Otherwise, the number of bytes comprising the multibyte character is returned. At most, MB_CUR_MAX bytes are stored in the array object pointed to by s.This function is affected by the LC_CTYPE category of the program's current locale.
x The number of bytes comprising the multibyte character corresponding to wchar. 0 If s is NULL. - 1 If wchar is not a valid character.
Returns the description of a mapping, corresponding to specified property, that can later be used in a call to towctrans .
#include <wctype.h>wctrans_t wctrans (const char *property);
property
The name of the mapping. The following property names are defined for all locales:
- "toupper"
- "tolower"
Additional property names may also be defined in the LC_CTYPE category of the current locale.
The wctrans function constructs a value with type wctrans_t that describes a mapping between wide characters identified by the property argument.See also towctrans .
nonzero According to the LC_CTYPE category of the current program locale, the string specified as a property argument is the name of an existing character mapping. The value returned can be used in a call to the towctrans function. 0 Indicates an error. The property argument does not identify a character mapping in the current program's locale.
Used for defining a character class. The value returned by this function is used in calls to the iswctype function.
#include <wctype.h> (ISO C)#include <wchar.h> (XPG4)
wctype_t wctype (const char *char_class);
char_class
A pointer to a valid character class name.
The wctype function converts a valid character class defined for the current locale to an object of type wctype_t . The following character class names are defined for all locales:
alnum cntrl lower space alpha digit print upper blank graph punct xdigitAdditional character class names may also be defined in the LC_CTYPE category of the current locale.
See also iswctype .
x An object of type wctype_t that can be used in calls to the iswctype function. 0 If the character class name is not valid for the current locale.
#include <locale.h> #include <wchar.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <string.h> #include <ctype.h> /* This test will set up a number of character class using wctype() */ /* and then verify whether calls to iswctype() using these classes */ /* produce the same results as calls to the is**** routines. */ main() { wchar_t w_char; wctype_t ret_val; char *character = "A"; /* Convert character to wide character format - w_char */ if (mbtowc(&w_char, character, 1) == -1) { perror("mbtowc"); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } /* Check if results from iswalnum() matches check on */ /* alnum character class */ if ((iswalnum((wint_t) w_char)) && (iswctype((wint_t) w_char, wctype("alnum")))) printf("[%C] is a member of the character class alnum\n", w_char); else printf("[%C] is not a member of the character class alnum\n", w_char); /* Check if results from iswalpha() matches check on */ /* alpha character class */ if ((iswalpha((wint_t) w_char)) && (iswctype((wint_t) w_char, wctype("alpha")))) printf("[%C] is a member of the character class alpha\n", w_char); else printf("[%C] is not a member of the character class alpha\n", w_char); /* Check if results from iswcntrl() matches check on */ /* cntrl character class */ if ((iswcntrl((wint_t) w_char)) && (iswctype((wint_t) w_char, wctype("cntrl")))) printf("[%C] is a member of the character class cntrl\n", w_char); else printf("[%C] is not a member of the character class cntrl\n", w_char); /* Check if results from iswdigit() matches check on */ /* digit character class */ if ((iswdigit((wint_t) w_char)) && (iswctype((wint_t) w_char, wctype("digit")))) printf("[%C] is a member of the character class digit\n", w_char); else printf("[%C] is not a member of the character class digit\n", w_char); /* Check if results from iswgraph() matches check on */ /* graph character class */ if ((iswgraph((wint_t) w_char)) && (iswctype((wint_t) w_char, wctype("graph")))) printf("[%C] is a member of the character class graph\n", w_char); else printf("[%C] is not a member of the character class graph\n", w_char); /* Check if results from iswlower() matches check on */ /* lower character class */ if ((iswlower((wint_t) w_char)) && (iswctype((wint_t) w_char, wctype("lower")))) printf("[%C] is a member of the character class lower\n", w_char); else printf("[%C] is not a member of the character class lower\n", w_char); /* Check if results from iswprint() matches check on */ /* print character class */ if ((iswprint((wint_t) w_char)) && (iswctype((wint_t) w_char, wctype("print")))) printf("[%C] is a member of the character class print\n", w_char); else printf("[%C] is not a member of the character class print\n", w_char); /* Check if results from iswpunct() matches check on */ /* punct character class */ if ((iswpunct((wint_t) w_char)) && (iswctype((wint_t) w_char, wctype("punct")))) printf("[%C] is a member of the character class punct\n", w_char); else printf("[%C] is not a member of the character class punct\n", w_char); /* Check if results from iswspace() matches check on */ /* space character class */ if ((iswspace((wint_t) w_char)) && (iswctype((wint_t) w_char, wctype("space")))) printf("[%C] is a member of the character class space\n", w_char); else printf("[%C] is not a member of the character class space\n", w_char); /* Check if results from iswupper() matches check on */ /* upper character class */ if ((iswupper((wint_t) w_char)) && (iswctype((wint_t) w_char, wctype("upper")))) printf("[%C] is a member of the character class upper\n", w_char); else printf("[%C] is not a member of the character class upper\n", w_char); /* Check if results from iswxdigit() matches check on */ /* xdigit character class */ if ((iswxdigit((wint_t) w_char)) && (iswctype((wint_t) w_char, wctype("xdigit")))) printf("[%C] is a member of the character class xdigit\n", w_char); else printf("[%C] is not a member of the character class xdigit\n", w_char); }
Running this example produces the following result:
[A] is a member of the character class alnum [A] is a member of the character class alpha [A] is not a member of the character class cntrl [A] is not a member of the character class digit [A] is a member of the character class graph [A] is not a member of the character class lower [A] is a member of the character class print [A] is not a member of the character class punct [A] is not a member of the character class space [A] is a member of the character class upper [A] is a member of the character class xdigit |
Determines the number of printing positions on a display device required for the specified wide character.
#include <wchar.h>int wcwidth (wchar_t wc);
wc
A wide character.
The wcwidth function determines the number of column positions needed for the specified wide character wc. The value of wc must be a valid wide character in the current locale.
x The number of printing positions required for wc. 0 If wc is a null character. - 1 Indicates that wc does not represent a valid printing wide character.
Locates the first occurrence of a specified wide character in an array of wide characters.
#include <wchar.h>Function Variants The wmemchr function has variants named _wmemchr32 and _wmemchr64 for use with 32-bit and 64-bit pointer sizes, respectively. See Section 1.10 for more information on using pointer-size-specific functions.wchar_t wmemchr (const wchar_t *s, wchar_t c, size_t n);
s
A pointer to an array of wide characters to be searched.c
The wide character value to search for.n
The maximum number of wide characters in the array to be searched.
The wmemchr function locates the first occurrence of the specified wide character in the initial n wide characters of the array pointed to by s.
x A pointer to the first occurrence of the wide character in the array. NULL The specified wide character does not occur in the array.
Compares two arrays of wide characters.
#include <wchar.h>int wmemcmp (const wchar_t *s1, const wchar_t *s2, size_t n);
s1, s2
Pointers to wide-character arrays.n
The maximum number of wide characters to be compared.
The wmemcmp function compares the first n wide characters of the array pointed to by s1 with the first n wide characters of the array pointed to by s2. The wide characters are compared not according to locale-dependent collation rules, but as integral objects of type wchar_t .
0 Arrays are equal. Positive value The first array is greater than the second. Negative value The first array is less than the second.
Copies a specified number of wide characters from one wide-character array to another.
#include <wchar.h>Function Variants The wmemcpy function has variants named _wmemcpy32 and _wmemcpy64 for use with 32-bit and 64-bit pointer sizes, respectively. See Section 1.10 for more information on using pointer-size-specific functions.wchar_t wmemcpy (wchar_t *dest, const wchar_t *source, size_t n);
dest
A pointer to the destination array.source
A pointer to the source array.n
The number of wide characters to be copied.
The wmemcpy function copies n wide characters from the array pointed to by source to the array pointed to by dest.
x The value of dest.
Copies a specified number of wide characters from one wide-character array to another.
#include <wchar.h>Function Variants The wmemmove function has variants named _wmemmove32 and _wmemmove64 for use with 32-bit and 64-bit pointer sizes, respectively. See Section 1.10 for more information on using pointer-size-specific functions.wchar_t wmemmove (wchar_t *dest, const wchar_t *source, size_t n);
dest
A pointer to the destination array.source
A pointer to the source array.n
The number of wide characters to be moved.
The wmemmove function copies n wide characters from the location pointed to by source to the location pointed to by dest.The wmemmove and wmemcpy routines perform the same function, except that wmemmove ensures that the original contents of the source array are copied to the destination array even if the two arrays overlap. Where such overlap is possible, programs that require portability should use wmemmove , not wmemcopy .
x The value of dest.
Sets a specified value to a specified number of wide characters in an array of wide characters.
#include <wchar.h>Function Variants The wmemset function has variants named _wmemset32 and _wmemset64 for use with 32-bit and 64-bit pointer sizes, respectively. See Section 1.10 for more information on using pointer-size-specific functions.wchar_t wmemset (wchar_t *s, wchar_t c, size_t n);
s
A pointer to the array of wide characters.c
The value to be placed in the first n wide characters of the array.n
The number of wide characters to be set to the specified value c.
The wmemset function copies the value of c into each of the first n wide characters of the array pointed to by s.
x The value of s.
Performs formatted output from the standard output ( stdout ). See Chapter 2 for information on format specifiers.
#include <wchar.h>int wprintf (const wchar_t *format, ...);
format
A pointer to a wide-character string containing the format specifications. For more information about format and conversion specifications and their corresponding arguments, see Chapter 2....
Optional expressions whose resultant types correspond to conversion specifications given in the format specification.If no conversion specifications are given, the output sources can be omitted. Otherwise, the function calls must have exactly as many output sources as there are conversion specifications, and the conversion specifications must match the types of the output sources.
Conversion specifications are matched to output sources in left-to-right order. Excess output pointers, if any, are ignored.
The wprintf function is equivalent to the fwprintf function with the stdout argument interposed before the wprintf arguments.
n The number of wide characters written. Negative value Indicates an error. The function sets errno to one of the following:
- EILSEQ -- Invalid character detected.
- EINVAL -- Insufficient arguments.
- ENOMEM -- Not enough memory available for conversion.
- ERANGE -- Floating-point calculations overflow.
- EVMSERR -- Nontranslatable OpenVMS error. vaxc$errno contains the OpenVMS error code. This might indicate that conversion to a numeric value failed because of overflow.
The function can also set errno to the following as a result of errors returned from the I/O subsystem:
- EBADF -- The file descriptor is not valid.
- EIO -- I/O error.
- ENOSPC -- No free space on the device containing the file.
- ENXIO -- Device does not exist.
- EPIPE -- Broken pipe.
- ESPIPE -- Illegal seek in a file opened for append.
- EVMSERR -- Nontranslatable OpenVMS error. vaxc$errno contains the OpenVMS error code. This indicates that an I/O error occurred for which there is no equivalent C error code.
In the UNIX system environment, allows the wrapping of a word from the right border of the window to the beginning of the next line. This routine is provided only for UNIX software compatibility and serves no function in the OpenVMS environment.
#include <curses.h>wrapok (WINDOW *win, bool boolf);
win
A pointer to the window.boolf
A Boolean TRUE or FALSE value. If boolf is FALSE, scrolling is not allowed. This is the default setting. The bool type is defined in the <curses.h> header file as follows:
#define bool int
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