-in filename

This specifies filename of the PKCS#12 file to be parsed. Standard input is used by default.

-out filename

The filename to write certificates and private keys to, standard output by default. They are all written in PEM format.

-pass arg, -passin arg

the PKCS#12 file (i.e. input file) password source. For more information about the format of arg see the PASS PHRASE ARGUMENTS section in openssl(1).

-passout arg

pass phrase source to encrypt any outputed private keys with. For more information about the format of arg see the PASS PHRASE ARGUMENTS section in openssl(1).

-noout

this option inhibits output of the keys and certificates to the output file version of the PKCS#12 file.

-clcerts

only output client certificates (not CA certificates).

-cacerts

only output CA certificates (not client certificates).

-nocerts

no certificates at all will be output.

-nokeys

no private keys will be output.

-info

output additional information about the PKCS#12 file structure, algorithms used and iteration counts.

-des

use DES to encrypt private keys before outputting.

-des3

use triple DES to encrypt private keys before outputting, this is the default.

-idea

use IDEA to encrypt private keys before outputting.

-nodes

don't encrypt the private keys at all.

-nomacver

don't attempt to verify the integrity MAC before reading the file.

-twopass

prompt for separate integrity and encryption passwords: most software always assumes these are the same so this option will render such PKCS#12 files unreadable.

-export

This option specifies that a PKCS#12 file will be created rather than parsed.

-out filename

This specifies filename to write the PKCS#12 file to. Standard output is used by default.

-in filename

The filename to read certificates and private keys from, standard input by default. They must all be in PEM format. The order doesn't matter but one private key and its corresponding certificate should be present. If additional certificates are present they will also be included in the PKCS#12 file.

-inkey filename

file to read private key from. If not present then a private key must be present in the input file.

-name friendlyname

This specifies the "friendly name" for the certificate and private key. This name is typically displayed in list boxes by software importing the file.

-certfile filename

A filename to read additional certificates from.

-caname friendlyname

This specifies the "friendly name" for other certificates. This option may be used multiple times to specify names for all certificates in the order they appear. Netscape ignores friendly names on other certificates whereas MSIE displays them.

-pass arg, -passout arg

the PKCS#12 file (i.e. output file) password source. For more information about the format of arg see the PASS PHRASE ARGUMENTS section in openssl(1).

-passin password

pass phrase source to decrypt any input private keys with. For more information about the format of arg see the PASS PHRASE ARGUMENTS section in openssl(1).

-chain

if this option is present then an attempt is made to include the entire certificate chain of the user certificate. The standard CA store is used for this search. If the search fails it is considered a fatal error.

-descert

encrypt the certificate using triple DES, this may render the PKCS#12 file unreadable by some "export grade" software. By default the private key is encrypted using triple DES and the certificate using 40 bit RC2.

-keypbe alg, -certpbe alg

these options allow the algorithm used to encrypt the private key and certificates to be selected. Although any PKCS#5 v1.5 or PKCS#12 algorithms can be selected it is advisable only to use PKCS#12 algorithms. See the list in the NOTES section for more information.

-keyex|-keysig

specifies that the private key is to be used for key exchange or just signing. This option is only interpreted by MSIE and similar MS software. Normally "export grade" software will only allow 512 bit RSA keys to be used for encryption purposes but arbitrary length keys for signing. The -keysig option marks the key for signing only. Signing only keys can be used for S/MIME signing, authenticode (ActiveX control signing) and SSL client authentication, however due to a bug only MSIE 5.0 and later support the use of signing only keys for SSL client authentication.

-nomaciter, -noiter

these options affect the iteration counts on the MAC and key algorithms. Unless you wish to produce files compatible with MSIE 4.0 you should leave these options alone.

To discourage attacks by using large dictionaries of common passwords the algorithm that derives keys from passwords can have an iteration count applied to it: this causes a certain part of the algorithm to be repeated and slows it down. The MAC is used to check the file integrity but since it will normally have the same password as the keys and certificates it could also be attacked. By default both MAC and encryption iteration counts are set to 2048, using these options the MAC and encryption iteration counts can be set to 1, since this reduces the file security you should not use these options unless you really have to. Most software supports both MAC and key iteration counts. MSIE 4.0 doesn't support MAC iteration counts so it needs the -nomaciter option.

-maciter

This option is included for compatibility with previous versions, it used to be needed to use MAC iterations counts but they are now used by default.

-rand file(s)

a file or files containing random data used to seed the random number generator, or an EGD socket (see RAND_egd(3)). Multiple files can be specified separated by a OS-dependent character. The separator is ; for MS-Windows, , for OpenVMS, and : for all others.