/BACKUP
Modifies the time value specified with the /BEFORE or the /SINCE
qualifier. The /BACKUP qualifier selects files according to the dates
of their most recent backups. This qualifier is incompatible with the
/CREATED, /EXPIRED, and /MODIFIED qualifiers, which also allow you to
select files according to time attributes. If you specify none of these
four time qualifiers, the default is the /CREATED qualifier.
/BEFORE[=time]
Selects only those files dated prior to the specified time. You can
specify time as absolute time, as a combination of absolute and delta
times, or as one of the following keywords: BOOT, LOGIN, TODAY
(default), TOMORROW, or YESTERDAY. Specify one of the following
qualifiers with the /BEFORE qualifier to indicate the time attribute to
be used as the basis for selection: /BACKUP, /CREATED (default),
/EXPIRED, or /MODIFIED.
For complete information on specifying time values, see the
OpenVMS User's Manual or the online help topic Date.
/BY_OWNER[=uic]
Selects only those files whose owner user identification code (UIC)
matches the specified owner UIC. The default UIC is that of the current
process.
Specify the UIC by using standard UIC format as described in the
OpenVMS User's Manual.
/CONFIRM
/NOCONFIRM (default)
Controls whether a request is issued before each search operation to
confirm that the operation should be performed on that file. The
following responses are valid:
|
YES
|
NO
|
QUIT
|
|
TRUE
|
FALSE
|
Ctrl/Z
|
|
1
|
0
|
ALL
|
|
|
[Return]
|
|
You can use any combination of uppercase and lowercase letters for word
responses. Word responses can be abbreviated to one or more letters
(for example, T, TR, or TRU for TRUE), but these abbreviations must be
unique. Affirmative answers are YES, TRUE, and 1. Negative answers
include: NO, FALSE, 0, and pressing Return. Entering QUIT or pressing
Ctrl/Z indicates that you want to stop processing the command at that
point. When you respond by entering ALL, the command continues to
process, but no further prompts are given. If you type a response other
than one of those in the list, DCL issues an error message and
redisplays the prompt.
/CREATED (default)
Modifies the time value specified with the /BEFORE or the /SINCE
qualifier. The /CREATED qualifier selects files based on their dates of
creation. This qualifier is incompatible with the /BACKUP, /EXPIRED,
and /MODIFIED qualifiers, which also allow you to select files
according to time attributes. If you specify none of these four time
qualifiers, the default is the /CREATED qualifier.
/EXACT
/NOEXACT (default)
Controls whether the SEARCH command matches the search string exactly
or treats uppercase and lowercase letters as equivalents. By default,
SEARCH ignores case differences in letters.
Specifying the /EXACT qualifier causes the system to use less CPU time;
therefore, if you are sure of the case of the letters in the string, it
is more efficient to use the /EXACT qualifier.
/EXCLUDE=(filespec[,...])
Excludes the specified files from the search operation. You can include
a directory but not a device in the file specification. The asterisk
(*) and the percent sign (%) wildcard characters are allowed in the
file specification; however, you cannot use relative version numbers to
exclude a specific version. If you specify only one file, you can omit
the parentheses.
/EXPIRED
Modifies the time value specified with the /BEFORE or the /SINCE
qualifier. The /EXPIRED qualifier selects files according to their
expiration dates. (The expiration date is set with the SET
FILE/EXPIRATION_DATE command.) The /EXPIRED qualifier is incompatible
with the /BACKUP, /CREATED, and /MODIFIED qualifiers, which also allow
you to select files according to time attributes. If you specify none
of these four time qualifiers, the default is the /CREATED qualifier.
/FORMAT=option
Formats output in one of the following five ways:
|
DUMP
|
Displays all control characters (including <HT>, <CR>, and
<LF>) and nonprintable characters as ANSI mnemonics.
|
|
NOFF
|
Replaces control characters in text with ANSI mnemonics (for example,
Ctrl/C is replaced with <ETX>). The terminal formatting
characters <HT>, <CR>, <LF>, <VT> are passed
without change. Form feed characters are replaced with <FF>.
|
|
NONULLS
|
Same as DUMP, but removes all null characters from the input file
before reformatting. (In dump mode, the null character is displayed as
<NUL>.) NONULLS is convenient when you are searching binary
format files, such as EXE or OBJ files, that generally contain many
zero bytes.
|
|
PASSALL
|
Moves control and nonprintable characters to the output device without
translating them. The terminal driver cannot send 8-bit characters to
the terminal unless SET TERMINAL/EIGHT_BIT is already in effect.
You can use /FORMAT=PASSALL whenever you do not want the SEARCH
command to substitute the ANSI mnemonic for control characters (for
example, <BEL> for Ctrl/G).
|
|
TEXT
|
Replaces control characters in text with ANSI mnemonics (for example,
Ctrl/C is replaced with <ETX>). The terminal formatting
characters <HT>, <CR>, <LF>, <VT>, and
<FF> are passed without change. TEXT is the default format.
|
/HEADING (default)
/NOHEADING
Includes file names in the output file and displays a line of 30
asterisks(*) as a window separator between groups of lines that belong
to different files. With the default heading format, file names are
printed only when more than one file is specified or when the asterisk
(*) and the percent sign (%) wildcard characters are used.
The /WINDOW qualifier displays a line of 15 asterisks to separate each
window within a file.
/HIGHLIGHT[=keyword] (default)
/NOHIGHLIGHT
You can use one of the following keywords: BOLD, BLINK, REVERSE, and
UNDERLINE. BOLD is the default highlighting on ANSI video terminals
with advanced video; REVERSE is the default highlighting on ANSI video
terminals without advanced video.
For hardcopy printing, you can use the HARDCOPY=OVERSTRIKE and
HARDCOPY=UNDERLINE keywords. This specifies that the strings should be
highlighted in a manner suitable for most hardcopy printers. With
overstrike highlighting, matched strings are double-printed, so that
they appear darker. The matched strings are underlined with the
underscore character.
Hardcopy printing is accomplished by adding a carriage return and
spacing back over the line to overprint the string or underlines. Note
that this can as much as double the length of the line, and perhaps
lead to truncation if the device buffer size is too small.
HP recommends that you use the /HIGHLIGHT=UNDERLINE qualifier with the
LN01 printer rather than using the /HIGHLIGHT=HARDCOPY=UNDERLINE
qualifier. The LN01 printer ignores OVERSTRIKE highlighting.
HP recommends that you use either the /HIGHLIGHT=BOLD or the
/HIGHLIGHT=UNDERLINE qualifier with the LN03 printer rather than using
the /HIGHLIGHT=HARDCOPY=UNDERLINE qualifier. The LN03 printer ignores
OVERSTRIKE highlighting.
Note
You cannot specify /WILDCARD_MATCHING with /HIGHLIGHT. An error will
occur.
|
/KEY=(POSITION=n,SIZE=n)
Searches the records of a file (beginning at the specified position)
for the length of the specified size.
You can specify the POSITION keyword value as 1 to 32,767. The first
byte in a record is considered position 1.
Note
The /KEY qualifier must appear before the file name, or after the
specified search string. If the qualifier is placed between these
parameters, it is ignored.
|
/LIMIT=n (Alpha/Integrity servers Only)
Limits the number of matches displayed to the number specified by
n.
/LOG
/NOLOG (default)
Outputs a message to the current SYS$OUTPUT device for each file
searched. The message includes the file name, the number of records,
and the number of matches for each file searched.
/MATCH=option
Interprets and matches multiple search strings in one of the following
ways:
|
AND
|
A match occurs only if the record contains all the strings.
|
|
EQV
|
A match occurs if none or all of the search strings are in the record.
|
|
NOR
|
A match occurs only if the record contains none of the strings.
|
|
NAND
|
A match occurs only if the record does not contain all of the strings.
|
|
OR
|
A match occurs if the record contains any of the strings.
|
|
XOR
|
A match occurs if any of the search strings are in the record but not
if all or none of them are in the record.
|
When only one search string is specified, the OR and AND options
produce identical results. Similarly, NOR and NAND produce identical
results for a single search string. If you specify none of these
options, the default is /MATCH=OR.
/MODIFIED
Modifies the time value specified with the /BEFORE or the /SINCE
qualifier. The /MODIFIED qualifier selects files according to the dates
on which they were last modified. This qualifier is incompatible with
the /BACKUP, /CREATED, and /EXPIRED qualifiers, which also allow you to
select files according to time attributes. If you specify none of these
four time modifiers, the default is the /CREATED qualifier.
/NUMBERS
/NONUMBERS (default)
Controls whether the source line number is displayed at the left margin
of each line in the output.
/OUTPUT[=filespec]
/NOOUTPUT
Controls whether the results of the search are output to a specified
file. The output is sent to the current default output device
(SYS$OUTPUT) if you omit the /OUTPUT qualifier or omit the file
specification with the qualifier. The /NOOUTPUT qualifier means that no
matching records are output as a result of the SEARCH command.
/PAGE[=keyword]
/NOPAGE (default)
Controls the display of information on the screen.
You can use the following keywords with the /PAGE qualifier:
|
CLEAR_SCREEN
|
Displays information one page at a time.
|
|
SCROLL
|
Displays information on a continuous stream.
|
|
SAVE[=
n]
|
Enables screen navigation of information, where
n is the number of pages to store.
|
The /PAGE=SAVE qualifier allows you to navigate through screens of
information. The /PAGE=SAVE qualifier stores up to 5 screens of up to
255 columns of information. When you use the /PAGE=SAVE qualifier, you
can use the following keys to navigate through the information:
| Key Sequence |
Description |
|
Up arrow key, Ctrl/B
|
Scroll up one line.
|
|
Down arrow key
|
Scroll down one line.
|
|
Left arrow key
|
Scroll left one column.
|
|
Right arrow key
|
Scroll right one column.
|
|
Insert Here (E2)
|
Scroll right one half screen.
|
|
Remove (E3)
|
Scroll left one half screen.
|
|
Select (E4)
|
Toggle 80/132 column mode.
|
|
Prev Screen (E5)
|
Get the previous page of information.
|
|
Next Screen (E6), Return, Enter, Space
|
Get the next page of information.
|
|
F10, Ctrl/Z
|
Exit. (Some utilities define these differently.)
|
|
Help (F15)
|
Display utility help text.
|
|
Do (F16)
|
Toggle the display to oldest/newest page.
|
|
Ctrl/W
|
Refresh the display.
|
The /PAGE qualifier is not compatible with the /OUTPUT qualifier.
/REMAINING
/NOREMAINING (default)
Includes in the output all records from the first matched record to the
end of the file. This qualifier overrides the value n2 in the
/WINDOW qualifier, but allows the qualifier /WINDOW=n1.
/SINCE[=time]
Selects only those files dated on or after the specified time. You can
specify time as absolute time, as a combination of absolute and delta
times, or as one of the following keywords: BOOT, JOB_LOGIN, LOGIN,
TODAY (default), TOMORROW, or YESTERDAY. Specify one of the following
qualifiers with the /SINCE qualifier to indicate the time attribute to
be used as the basis for selection: /BACKUP, /CREATED (default),
/EXPIRED, or /MODIFIED.
For complete information on specifying time values, see the
OpenVMS User's Manual or the online help topic Date.
/SKIP=n (Alpha/Integrity servers Only)
Skips the first n matches found before outputting match
information.
/STATISTICS[=(keyword,...)]
/NOSTATSTICS[=(keyword,...)]
/STATISTICS=SYMBOLS (default)
Controls whether the following statistics about the search are
displayed:
- Number of files searched
- Number of records searched
- Number of characters searched
- Number of records matched
- Number of lines printed
- Buffered I/O count
- Direct I/O count
- Number of page faults
- Elapsed CPU time
- Elapsed time
You can use the following keywords with the /STATISTICS qualifier:
| Keyword |
Explanation |
|
OUTPUT
|
Writes the statistics output lines into the output file in addition to
the standard SYS$OUTPUT device. The default is /NOSTATISTICS=OUTPUT.
|
|
SYMBOLS
|
Define symbols to hold statistic values. The default value is
/STATISTICS=SYMBOLS. The symbol names are as follows:
|
SEARCH$CHARACTERS_SEARCHED
|
Displays the number of characters searched.
|
|
SEARCH$FILES_SEARCHED
|
Displays the number of files searched.
|
|
SEARCH$LINES_PRINTED
|
Displays the number of lines printed.
|
|
SEARCH$RECORDS_MATCHED
|
Displays the number of records matched.
|
|
SEARCH$RECORDS_SEARCHED
|
Displays the number of records searched.
|
|
/STYLE=keyword
Specifies the file name format for display purposes.
The valid keywords for this qualifier are CONDENSED and EXPANDED.
Descriptions are as follows:
| Keyword |
Explanation |
|
CONDENSED (default)
|
Displays the file name representation of what is generated to fit into
a 255-length character string. This file name may contain a DID or FID
abbreviation in the file specification.
|
|
EXPANDED
|
Displays the file name representation of what is stored on disk. This
file name does not contain any DID or FID abbreviations.
|
The keywords CONDENSED and EXPANDED are mutually exclusive. This
qualifier specifies which file name format is displayed in the output
message, along with the confirmation if requested.
File errors are displayed with the CONDENSED file specification unless
the EXPANDED keyword is specified.
See the OpenVMS User's Manual for more information.
/SYMLINK=keyword
The valid keywords for this qualifier are [NO]WILDCARD and
[NO]ELLIPSIS. Descriptions are as follows:
| Keyword |
Explanation |
|
WILDCARD
|
Indicates that symlinks are enabled during wildcard searches.
|
|
NOWILDCARD
|
Indicates that symlinks are disabled during directory wildcard searches.
|
|
ELLIPSIS
|
Equivalent to WILDCARD (included for command symmetry).
|
|
NOELLIPSIS
|
Indicates that symlinks are matched for all wildcard fields except for
ellipsis.
|
If the file named in the SEARCH command is a symlink, the command
operates on the symlink target.
/WARNINGS (default)
/NOWARNINGS
Allows or disallows the following messages to be displayed when search
operations are performed:
NOMATCHES
TRUNCATE
NULLFILE
/WILDCARD_MATCHING[=keyword] (Alpha/Integrity servers Only)
Specifies that the following characters in the search string are to be
interpreted as wildcard characters:
asterisk (*) --- Accept any number of unspecified characters in this
position when searching for a match.
percent sign (%) --- Accept any single character in this position
when searching for a match.
The optional keyword can be either of the following:
RELAXED (default) --- Automatically appends asterisks to the beginning
and end of the string to be searched.
STRICT --- Performs a narrow search based on the exact search
string with no appended asterisks. An entire record must match the
criteria specified for the wildcarded search.
Note
You cannot specify /WILDCARD_MATCHING with /HIGHLIGHT. An error will
occur.
|
/WINDOW[=(n1,n2)]
/NOWINDOW (default)
Specifies the number of lines to be displayed with the search string.
If you specify n1 and n2, the /WINDOW qualifier
displays n1 lines above the search string, the search string,
and n2 lines below the search string. Either of these numbers
can be zero.
If you specify the /WINDOW qualifier without the values n1 and
n2, two lines above the search string, the search string, and
the two lines below the search string are included in the output.
If you specify the /WINDOW qualifier with a single number
(n1), n1 specifies the number of lines to display
including the search string. Half the lines precede the matched search
string and half follow it. (If n1 is even, one line is added
to the lines following the matched search string.)
For example, if you specify /WINDOW=10, nine additional lines are
listed along with the line containing the search string. Four lines are
listed above the line containing the search string and five lines are
listed below it, for a total of 10 lines.
If you specify /WINDOW=0, the file name of each file containing a match
(but no records) is included in the output. This specification creates
a file (using the /OUTPUT qualifier) that can be inserted into a
command file to manipulate the files containing matches.
If you omit the /WINDOW qualifier, only the line containing a match is
displayed.
The /WINDOW qualifier displays a line of 30 asterisks to separate each
window within a file.
/WRAP
/NOWRAP (default)
Use with the /PAGE=SAVE qualifier to limit the number of columns to the
width of the screen and to wrap lines that extend beyond the width of
the screen to the next line.
The /NOWRAP qualifier extends lines beyond the width of the screen and
can be seen when you use the scrolling (left and right) features
provided by the /PAGE=SAVE qualifier.
