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HP OpenVMS DCL Dictionary
HP OpenVMS DCL Dictionary
CREATE/TERMINAL
Creates a window that emulates another terminal type.
Note
At present, only DECterm windows are available with this command.
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Format
CREATE/TERMINAL [command-string]
Parameter
command-string
Specifies a command string that is to be executed in the context of the
created subprocess. You cannot specify this parameter with the /DETACH
or the /NOPROCESS qualifier. The CREATE/TERMINAL command is used in
much the same way as the SPAWN command.
Description
The CREATE/TERMINAL command creates a subprocess of your current
process. When the subprocess is created, the process-permanent open
files and any image or procedure context are not copied from
the parent process. The subprocess is set to command level 0 (DCL level
with the current prompt).
If you do not specify the /PROCESS qualifier, the name of this
subprocess is composed of the same base name as the parent process and
a unique number. For example, if the parent process name is SMITH, the
subprocess name can be SMITH_1, SMITH_2, and so on.
The LOGIN.COM file of the parent process is not executed for the
subprocess, because the context is copied separately, allowing quicker
initialization of the subprocess. When the /WAIT qualifier is in
effect, the parent process remains in hibernation until the subprocess
terminates and returns control to the parent by using the ATTACH
command.
You should use the LOGOUT command to terminate the subprocess and
return to the parent process. You can also use the ATTACH command to
transfer control of the terminal to another process in the subprocess
tree, including the parent process. (The SHOW PROCESS/SUBPROCESS
command displays the process in the subprocess tree and points to the
current process.)
Note
Because a tree of subprocesses can be established using the
CREATE/TERMINAL command, you must be careful when terminating any
process in the tree. When a process is terminated, all the subprocesses
below that point in the tree are automatically terminated. For example,
the SPAWN/NOWAIT CREATE/TERMINAL command creates a subprocess that
exits as soon as the DECterm window is created. Once this process
exits, the DECterm window disappears. Instead, use the SPAWN/NOWAIT
CREATE/TERMINAL/WAIT command to allow the process to continue.
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Qualifiers with the CREATE/TERMINAL command must directly follow the
command verb. The command-string parameter begins after the
last qualifier and continues to the end of the command line.
Qualifiers
/APPLICATION_KEYPAD
Sets the APPLICATION_KEYPAD terminal characteristic in the created
terminal window. If the /APPLICATION_KEYPAD or the /NUMERIC_KEYPAD
qualifier is not specified, the default is to inherit the
characteristic from the parent. (See also /NUMERIC_KEYPAD.)
/BIG_FONT
Specifies that the big font (as specified in resource files) be
selected when the created terminal window is initialized. It is an
error to specify the /BIG_FONT qualifier in combination with the
/LITTLE_FONT qualifier. If you do not specify either the /BIG_FONT or
the /LITTLE_FONT qualifier, the initial font is the big font.
/BROADCAST
/NOBROADCAST
Determines whether the terminal window is created with broadcast
messages enabled. If neither qualifier is specified, the created
terminal window inherits the broadcast characteristic of the parent.
/CARRIAGE_CONTROL
/NOCARRIAGE_CONTROL
Determines whether carriage-return and line-feed characters are
prefixed to the subprocess's prompt string. By default, the
CREATE/TERMINAL command copies the current setting of the parent
process. The CARRIAGE_CONTROL qualifier is used only with the /NODETACH
qualifier.
/CLI=cli-filespec
/NOCLI
Specifies the name of a command language interpreter (CLI) to be used
by the subprocess. The default CLI is the same as that of the parent
process (defined in SYSUAF). If you specify the /CLI qualifier, the
attributes of the parent process are copied to the subprocess. The CLI
you specify must be located in SYS$SYSTEM and have the file type .EXE.
This qualifier is used only with the /NODETACH qualifier.
/CONTROLLER=filespec
Specifies the name of the terminal window controller image. This name
allows the CREATE/TERMINAL command to create a window on a variant
controller, such as for a language not supported by the base product.
For a DECterm window, the default is SYS$SYSTEM:DECW$TERMINAL.EXE. The
device and directory default to SYS$SYSTEM and the file type defaults
to .EXE.
Note
The "name" field of the file name as returned by $PARSE is
used to form the mailbox logical name. For example, if the file
"name" is DECW$TERMINAL, the mailbox logical name will be
DECW$TERMINAL_MAILBOX_node::0.0. For backward compatibility, the
controller also defines a logical name DECW$DECTERM_MAILBOX_host::0.0
to point to the same mailbox.
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/DEFINE_LOGICAL=({logname, TABLE=tablename} [,...])
Specifies one or more logical names that are set to the name of the
created pseudo terminal device. Each element in the list is either a
logical name or TABLE= followed by the name of a logical name table in
which all subsequent logical names will be entered. The default is the
process logical name table.
/DETACH
/NODETACH (default)
Determines whether the created terminal process is detached or a
subprocess of the current process. The /DETACH qualifier cannot be used
with the command-string parameter.
/DISPLAY=display-name
Specifies the name of the display on which to create the terminal
window. If this parameter is omitted, the DECW$DISPLAY logical name is
used.
/ESCAPE
/NOESCAPE
Sets or clears the ESCAPE characteristic of the created terminal
window. The default is to inherit the characteristic of the parent.
/FALLBACK
/NOFALLBACK
Sets or clears the FALLBACK characteristic of the created terminal
window. The default is to inherit the characteristic of the parent.
/HOSTSYNC (default)
/NOHOSTSYNC
Sets or clears the HOSTSYNC characteristic of the created terminal
window. The default is to inherit the characteristic of the parent.
/INPUT=filespec
Specifies an alternate input file or device to use as SYS$INPUT for the
new process. The default is to use the created terminal window for
input. This qualifier can be used with or without the /DETACH qualifier.
/INSERT
Creates the terminal window with insert mode as the default for line
editing. If the /INSERT or the /OVERSTRIKE qualifier is not specified,
the default is to inherit the characteristic from the parent. (See also
/OVERSTRIKE.)
/KEYPAD (default)
/NOKEYPAD
Determines whether keypad definitions and the current keypad state are
copied from the parent process. This qualifier is used only with the
/NODETACH qualifier.
/LINE_EDITING
/NOLINE_EDITING
Determines whether the terminal window is created with line editing
enabled. If neither qualifier is specified, the created terminal window
inherits the line editing characteristic of the parent.
/LITTLE_FONT
Specifies that the little font (as specified in resource files) be
selected when the created terminal window is initialized. It is an
error to specify the /LITTLE_FONT qualifier in combination with the
/BIG_FONT qualifier. If you do not specify either the /BIG_FONT or the
/LITTLE_FONT qualifier, the initial font is the big font.
/LOGGED_IN (default)
/NOLOGGED_IN
Determines whether a prompt for a user name and password are supplied
(/NOLOGGED_IN) or the created terminal window is logged in
automatically (/LOGGED_IN). This qualifier is used only with the
/DETACH qualifier.
/LOGICAL_NAMES (default)
/NOLOGICAL_NAMES
Determines whether the created terminal window inherits the parent's
logical names. This qualifier is used only with the /NODETACH qualifier.
/NOTIFY
/NONOTIFY (default)
Determines whether a notification message is broadcast to the parent
when the created terminal window exits. This qualifier is used only
with the /NODETACH qualifier.
/NUMERIC_KEYPAD
Sets the NUMERIC_KEYPAD terminal characteristic in the created terminal
window. If the /NUMERIC_KEYPAD or the /APPLICATION_KEYPAD qualifier is
not specified, the default is to inherit the characteristic from the
parent. (See also /APPLICATION_KEYPAD.)
/OVERSTRIKE
Creates the terminal window with overstrike mode as the default for
line editing. If the /OVERSTRIKE or the /INSERT qualifier is not
specified, the default is to inherit the characteristic from the
parent. (See also /INSERT.)
/PASTHRU
/NOPASTHRU
Sets or clears the PASTHRU characteristic in the created terminal
window. The default is to inherit the characteristic of the parent.
/PROCESS (default)
/PROCESS=process-name
/NOPROCESS
Specifies the name of the process or subprocess to be created. The
/NOPROCESS qualifier causes a window to be created without a process.
You can log in from this window.
If you specify the /PROCESS qualifier without a process name, a unique
process name is assigned with the same base name as the parent process
and a unique number. The default process name format is
username_n. If you specify a process name that
already exists, an error message is displayed. This qualifier is used
with either the /DETACH or the /NODETACH qualifier.
/PROMPT=prompt
Specifies the prompt string of the created terminal window. This
qualifier is used only with the /NODETACH qualifier.
/READSYNC
/NOREADSYNC
Sets or clears the READSYNC terminal characteristic in the created
terminal window. The default is to inherit the characteristic from the
parent.
/RESOURCE_FILE=filespec
Specifies that the created terminal window use the resource file
"filespec" instead of the default resource file,
DECW$USER_DEFAULTS:DECW$TERMINAL_DEFAULT.DAT.
/SYMBOLS (default)
/NOSYMBOLS
Determines whether the subprocess inherits the parent's DCL symbols.
This qualifier is used only with the /NODETACH qualifier.
/TABLE=command-table
Specifies the name of an alternate command table to be used by the
subprocess. This qualifier is used only with the /NODETACH qualifier.
/TTSYNC
/NOTTSYNC
Sets or clears the TTSYNC terminal characteristic in the created
terminal window; the default is to inherit the characteristic of the
parent.
/TYPE_AHEAD
/NOTYPE_AHEAD
Sets or clears the TYPE_AHEAD terminal characteristic in the created
terminal window. The default is to inherit the characteristic of the
parent.
/WAIT
/NOWAIT (default)
Requires that you wait for the subprocess to terminate before you enter
another DCL command. The /NOWAIT qualifier allows you to enter new
commands while the subprocess is running. This qualifier is used only
with the /NODETACH qualifier.
/WINDOW_ATTRIBUTES=(parameter [,...])
Specifies initial attributes for the created terminal window to
override the defaults read from the resource file. These parameters
include:
| Parameter |
Description |
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BACKGROUND
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The background color.
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FOREGROUND
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The foreground color.
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WIDTH
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The width, in pixels.
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HEIGHT
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The height, in pixels.
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X_POSITION
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The x-position, in pixels.
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Y_POSITION
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The y-position, in pixels.
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ROWS
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The number of rows in the window, in character cells. If the Auto
Resize Window option is enabled, the ROWS and COLUMNS parameters
override the size specified by the WIDTH and HEIGHT parameters.
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COLUMNS
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The number of columns in the window, in character cells. If the Auto
Resize Window option is enabled, the ROWS and COLUMNS parameters
override the size specified by the WIDTH and HEIGHT parameters.
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INITIAL_STATE
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The initial state of the window, either ICON or WINDOW.
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TITLE
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A character string specifying the window title.
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ICON_NAME
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A character string specifying the window icon name.
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FONT
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The name of the font to be used in the window. If you specify the
/LITTLE_FONT qualifier, or omit both the /LITTLE_FONT and /BIG_FONT
qualifiers, this overrides the name of the little font that is set in
the resource files; otherwise it overrides the name of the big font.
The font name can be a logical name, and it can be (but does not have
to be) the base font in a complete font set.
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Examples
| #1 |
$ CREATE/TERMINAL=DECTERM/DETACH -
_$ /DISPLAY=MYNODE::0 -
_$ /WINDOW_ATTRIBUTES=( -
_$ ROWS=36, -
_$ COLUMNS=80, -
_$ TITLE="REMOTE TERMINAL", -
_$ ICON_NAME="REMOTE TERMINAL" )
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In this example, the command creates a detached process in a DECterm
window on node MYNODE:: that is 36 rows by 80 columns and has its title
and icon name set to "Remote terminal".
| #2 |
$ CREATE/TERMINAL=DECTERM -
$_ /NOPROCESS -
$_ /DEFINE_LOGICAL=(TABLE=LNM$GROUP,DBG$INPUT,DBG$OUTPUT)
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In this example, the command creates a DECterm with no associated
process. The command defines DBG$INPUT and DBG$OUTPUT in the group
table as the new terminal for the purposes of debugging a problem with
a detached process that is subsequently created.
DEALLOCATE
Makes an allocated device available to other processes (but does not
deassign any logical name associated with the device). DEALLOCATE does
not deallocate devices that are in use.
Format
DEALLOCATE device-name[:]
Parameter
device-name[:]
Name of the device to be deallocated. The device name can be a physical
device name or a logical name that is not in use. On a physical device
name, the controller defaults to A and the unit to 0. This parameter is
incompatible with the /ALL qualifier.
Qualifier
/ALL
Deallocates all devices currently allocated by your process that are
not in use. This qualifier is incompatible with the
device-name parameter.
Examples
In this example, the DEALLOCATE command deallocates unit 1 of the
RK06/RK07 devices on controller B.
| #2 |
$ ALLOCATE MT: TAPE
%DCL-I-ALLOC, _MTB1: allocated
.
.
.
$ DEALLOCATE TAPE:
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In this example, the ALLOCATE command requests that any magnetic tape
drive be allocated and assigns the logical name TAPE to the device. The
response to the ALLOCATE command indicates the successful allocation of
the device MTB1. The DEALLOCATE command specifies the logical name TAPE
to release the tape drive.
In this example, the DEALLOCATE command deallocates all devices that
are currently allocated.
DEASSIGN
Cancels a logical name assignment that was made with one of the
following commands: ALLOCATE, ASSIGN, DEFINE, or MOUNT. The DEASSIGN
command also deletes a logical name table that was created with the
CREATE/NAME_TABLE command.
Format
DEASSIGN [logical-name[:]]
Parameter
logical-name[:]
Specifies the logical name to be deassigned. Logical names can have
from 1 to 255 characters. If the logical name contains any characters
other than alphanumerics, dollar signs ($), or underscores (_), enclose
it in quotation marks (" "). The logical-name
parameter is required unless you use the /ALL qualifier.
If the logical-name parameter ends with a colon (:), the
command interpreter ignores the colon. (Note that the ASSIGN and
ALLOCATE commands remove a trailing colon, if present, from a logical
name before placing the name in a logical name table.) If the logical
name contains one or more trailing colons, you must append one
additional colon to the DEASSIGN logical-name parameter (for example,
type DEASSIGN FILE:: to deassign the logical name FILE:).
To delete a logical name table, specify the table name as the
logical-name parameter. You must also use the /TABLE qualifier
to indicate the logical name directory table where the table name is
entered.
Description
The DEASSIGN command cancels a logical name assignment that was made
with one of the following commands: ALLOCATE, ASSIGN, DEFINE, or MOUNT.
The DEASSIGN command also deletes a logical name table that was created
with the CREATE/NAME_TABLE command. You can use the /ALL qualifier with
DEASSIGN to cancel all logical names in a specified table. If you use
the /ALL qualifier and do not specify a table, then all names in the
process table (except names created by the command interpreter) are
deassigned; that is, all names entered at the indicated access mode or
an outer access mode are deassigned.
To specify the logical name table from which you want to deassign a
logical name, use the /PROCESS, /JOB, /GROUP, /SYSTEM, or /TABLE
qualifier. If you enter more than one of these qualifiers, only the
last one entered is accepted. If entries exist for the specified
logical name in more than one logical name table, the name is deleted
from only the last logical name table specified on the command line. If
you do not specify a logical name table, the default is the
/TABLE=LNM$PROCESS qualifier.
To delete a shareable logical name, you need write (W) access to the
logical name table. To delete a shareable logical name table, you need
write (W) access to the parent table and delete (D) access to the
target logical name table.
To specify the access mode of the logical name you want to deassign,
use the /USER_MODE, /SUPERVISOR_MODE, or /EXECUTIVE_MODE qualifier. If
you enter more than one of these qualifiers, only the last one is
accepted. If you do not specify a mode, the DEASSIGN command deletes a
supervisor-mode name. When you deassign a logical name, any identical
names created with outer access modes in the same logical name table
are also deleted.
You must have SYSNAM (system logical name) privilege to deassign an
executive-mode logical name.
If you specify the /EXECUTIVE_MODE qualifier and you do not have SYSNAM
privilege, then the DEASSIGN command ignores the qualifier and attempts
to deassign a supervisor-mode logical name.
All process-private logical names and logical name tables are deleted
when you log out of the system. User-mode entries within the process
logical name table are deassigned when any image exits. The logical
names in the job table, and the job table itself, are deleted when you
log off the system.
Names in all other shareable logical name tables remain there until
they are explicitly deassigned, regardless of whether they are user-,
supervisor-, or executive-mode names. You must have write (W) access to
a shareable logical name table to delete any name in that table.
If you delete a logical name table, all the logical names in the table
are also deleted. Also, any descendant tables are deleted. To delete a
shareable logical name table, you must have delete (D) access to the
table.
Qualifiers
/ALL
Deletes all logical names in the same or an outer (less privileged)
access mode. If no logical name table is specified, the default is the
process table, LNM$PROCESS. If you specify the /ALL qualifier, you
cannot enter a logical-name parameter.
/EXECUTIVE_MODE
Requires SYSNAM (system logical name) privilege to deassign
executive-mode logical names.
Deletes only entries that were created in the specified mode or an
outer (less privileged) mode. If you do not have SYSNAM privilege for
executive mode, a supervisor-mode operation is assumed.
/GROUP
Requires GRPNAM (group logical name) or SYSPRV privilege to
delete entries from the group logical name table.
Indicates that the specified logical name is in the group logical name
table. The /GROUP qualifier is synonymous with the /TABLE=LNM$GROUP
qualifier.
/JOB
Indicates that the specified logical name is in the jobwide logical
name table. The /JOB qualifier is synonymous with the /TABLE=LNM$JOB
qualifier. If you do not explicitly specify a logical name table, the
default is the /PROCESS qualifier.
You should not deassign jobwide logical name entries that were made by
the system at login time, for example, SYS$LOGIN, SYS$LOGIN_DEVICE, and
SYS$SCRATCH. However, if you assign new equivalence names for these
logical names (that is, create new logical names in outer access
modes), you can deassign the names you explicitly created.
/PROCESS (default)
Indicates that the specified logical name is in the process logical
name table. The /PROCESS qualifier is synonymous with the
/TABLE=LNM$PROCESS qualifier.
You cannot deassign logical name table entries that were made by the
command interpreter, for example, SYS$INPUT, SYS$OUTPUT, and SYS$ERROR.
However, if you assign new equivalence names for these logical names
(that is, create new logical names in outer access modes), you can
deassign the names you explicitly created.
/SUPERVISOR_MODE (default)
Deletes entries in the specified logical name table that were created
in supervisor mode. If you specify the /SUPERVISOR_MODE qualifier, the
DEASSIGN command also deassigns user-mode entries with the same name.
/SYSTEM
Indicates that the specified logical name is in the system logical name
table. The /SYSTEM qualifier is synonymous with the /TABLE=LNM$SYSTEM
qualifier.
/TABLE=name
Specifies the table from which the logical name is to be deleted.
Defaults to LNM$PROCESS. The table can be the process, group, job, or
system table, one of the directory tables, or the name of a
user-created table. (The process, job, group, and system logical name
tables should be referred to by the logical names LNM$PROCESS, LNM$JOB,
LNM$GROUP, and LNM$SYSTEM, respectively.)
The /TABLE qualifier also can be used to delete a logical name table.
To delete a process-private table, enter the following command:
$ DEASSIGN/TABLE=LNM$PROCESS_DIRECTORY table-name
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To delete a shareable table, enter the following command:
$ DEASSIGN/TABLE=LNM$SYSTEM_DIRECTORY table-name
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To delete a shareable logical name table, you must have delete (D)
access to the table or write (W) access to the directory table in which
the name of the shareable table is cataloged.
If you do not explicitly specify the /TABLE qualifier, the default is
the /TABLE=LNM$PROCESS qualifier.
/USER_MODE
Deletes entries in the process logical name table that were created in
user mode. If you specify the /USER_MODE qualifier, the DEASSIGN
command can deassign only user-mode entries. Also, user-mode logical
names are automatically deleted when invoking and exiting a command
procedure.
Examples
The DEASSIGN command in this example deassigns the process logical name
MEMO.
The DEASSIGN command in this example deassigns all process logical
names that were created in user and supervisor mode. This command does
not, however, delete the names that were placed in the process logical
name table in executive mode by the command interpreter (for example,
SYS$INPUT, SYS$OUTPUT, SYS$ERROR, SYS$DISK, and SYS$COMMAND).
| #3 |
$ DEASSIGN/TABLE=LNM$PROCESS_DIRECTORY TAX
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The DEASSIGN command in this example deletes the logical name table
TAX, and any descendant tables. When you delete a logical name table,
you must specify either the /TABLE=LNM$PROCESS_DIRECTORY or the
/TABLE=LNM$SYSTEM_DIRECTORY qualifier, because the names of all tables
are contained in these directories.
| #4 |
$ ASSIGN USER_DISK: COPY
$ SHOW LOGICAL COPY
"COPY" = "USER_DISK:" (LNM$PROCESS_TABLE)
$ DEASSIGN COPY
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The ASSIGN command in this example equates the logical name COPY with
the device USER_DISK and places the names in the process logical name
table. The DEASSIGN command deletes the logical name.
| #5 |
$ DEFINE SWITCH: TEMP
$ DEASSIGN SWITCH::
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The DEFINE command in this example places the logical name SWITCH: in
the process logical name table. The trailing colon is retained as part
of the logical name. Two colons are required on the DEASSIGN command to
delete this logical name because the DEASSIGN command removes one
trailing colon, and the other colon is needed to match the characters
in the logical name.
| #6 |
$ ASSIGN/TABLE=LNM$GROUP DKA1: GROUP_DISK
$ DEASSIGN/PROCESS/GROUP GROUP_DISK
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