HP OpenVMS Systems Documentation

HP DECwindows Motif for OpenVMS
New Features

When the SECURITY extension is enabled on an X display server, you can generate additional authorization keys. Generated keys enable you to further manage server access and control the type of operations performed over the connection. For example, you can revoke a generated key at will, set it to expire after a certain time period, or use it to further grant or restrict the operations (at the X atom level) that can be performed over the connection.

Use the XAUTH GENERATE command to produce a new authorization key. Note that the generated key overwrites any existing key for the current session. To preserve the existing key, specify an alternate X authority file on the XAUTH command line.

For example, the following commands specify the alternate X authority file UNTRUSTED.DECW$XAUTH, generate and display a new key for the local display, and write the generated key to the alternate file:

$  XAUTH -f UNTRUSTED.DECW$XAUTH
Using authority file untrusted.decw$xauth
xauth> LIST :0
local/ZEPHYR:0  MIT-MAGIC-COOKIE-1  cfcc5ef98f9718f90154f355c0ae9f62
xauth> GENERATE :0
xauth> LIST :0
local/ZEPHYR:0  MIT-MAGIC-COOKIE-1  cfcc4ff77f3709c46222c355f0ea1c93
xauth> EXIT
Writing X authority file untrusted.decw$xauth

V1.3

The Keyboard Compiler utility (xkbcomp) compiles X Keyboard source files into loadable X Keyboard layout (.XKM) files. Using xkbcomp, you can customize the standard layouts provided with the X Window System by creating or modifying the component source files.

For information about enabling and using XKB and X Keyboard keymaps, see the HP DECwindows Motif for OpenVMS Management Guide.

To run this utility, define xkbcomp as a foreign command:

$ xkbcomp == "$SYS$SYSTEM:DECW$XKBCOMP"

The command format for xkbcomp is as follows:

$ xkbcomp [-options...] input-file [output-file]

For information about the keyboard components database, see the HP DECwindows Motif for OpenVMS Management Guide.

2.5.4 Window Dump to Print File (xpr) Utility

V1.2

The Window Dump to Print File utility prints an X Window dump using the xpr program.

The xpr program receives as input a window dump file produced by the Window Dump utility (xwd) and formats it for output on the following printers:

• PostScript
• DIGITAL LN03 or LA100
• IBM PP3812 page printer
• HP LaserJet (or other PCL printers)
• HP PaintJet

To use the xpr program, define xpr as a user-defined command:

$ xpr == "$DECW$UTILS:XPR"

You must specify an input file. The xpr program prints the largest possible representation of the window on the output page. Options allow the user to add headers and trailers, specify margins, adjust the scale and orientation, and append multiple window dumps to a single output file.

Use the following command format:

$ xpr input_file [options...]

Options include:

    -append filename  -noff  -output filename
    -compact
    -device {ln03 | la100 | ps | lw | pp | ljet | pjet | pjetxl}
    -dump
    -gamma correction
    -gray {2 | 3 | 4}
    -height inches  -width inches
    -header string  -trailer string
    -landscape  -portrait
    -left inches  -top inches
    -noposition
    -nosixopt
    -plane n
    -psfig
    -render type
    -report
    -rv
    -scale scale
    -slide
    -split n-pages

Table 2-10 defines the available options.

The program contains the following limitations:

• Support for PostScript output currently cannot use the -append, -noff, or -split options.
• The -compact option is only supported for PostScript output. It compresses white space but not black space, so it is not useful for reverse-video windows.
• For color images, map directly to PostScript image support.

Program limitations with an LN03 printer:

• The current version of xpr can print most X Windows that are not larger than two-thirds of the screen.
  For example, the LN03 prints a large Emacs window, but fails when trying to print the entire screen.
• The LN03 has memory limitations that cause it to incorrectly print large or complex windows. The two most common errors encountered are "band too complex" and "page memory exceeded" and are described as follows:
  • "band too complex"
    A window may have a particular six pixel row that contains too many changes (from black to white to black). This causes the printer to drop part of the line and possibly drop parts of the page. The printer flashes the number "1" on its front panel when this problem occurs. A possible solution to this problem is to increase the scale of the picture or to split the picture onto two or more pages.
  • "page memory exceeded"
    This occurs if the picture contains too much black space, or if the picture contains complex half-tones, such as the background color of a display. When this problem occurs, the printer automatically splits the picture onto two or more pages. The number "5" may flash on its front panel. As a possible solution to the problem, it might be necessary to either cut and paste or to rework the application to produce a less complex picture.

Program limitations with a LA100 printer:

• The picture is always printed in portrait mode.
• The scale is ignored.
• The scale factor will be different in the horizontal and vertical directions.

Program limitations with an HP printer:

• If the -density option is not specified, 300 dots-per-inch (dpi) is assumed for the ljet device and 90-dpi for the pjet device. The LaserJet printer supports 300-, 150-, 100-, and 75-dpi. Consult the operator's manual to determine the densities supported by other printers.
• If the -scale option is not specified, the image is expanded to fit the printable page area.
• The default printable page area is 8x10.5 inches. Other paper sizes can be accommodated using the -height and -width options.
• Note that a 1024x768 image fits the default printable area when processed at 100-dpi with scale=1; the same image can also be printed using 300-dpi with scale=3, but it requires more data to be transferred to the printer.
• The xpr program may be tailored for use with monochrome PCL printers other than the LaserJet. To print on a ThinkJet (HP 2225A) printer, invoke xpr as follows:

  xpr -density 96 -width 6.667 filename

  To print black-and-white output on a PaintJet printer, invoke xpr as follows:

  xpr -density 180 filename

• The monochrome intensity of a pixel is computed as 0.30*R + 0.59*G + 0.11*B. If the computed intensity of a pixel is less than the -cutoff level, it prints white. This maps light-on-dark display images to black-on-white hard copy. The default cutoff intensity is 50% of full brightness. For example, specifying -cutoff 87.5 means that a pixel will be displayed as black if the computed intensity is less than 85% of full brightness.
• A LaserJet printer must be configured with sufficient memory to print the image. To print a full page at 300-dpi, approximately 2 MB of printer memory is required.
• Color images are produced on the PaintJet printer at 90-dpi. The PaintJet is limited to 16 colors from its 330 color palette on each horizontal print line. The xpr program issues a warning message if more than 16 colors are encountered on a line. Xpr programs the PaintJet for the first 16 colors encountered on each line and uses the nearest matching programmed value for other colors on the line.
• Specifying the -rv option on the PaintJet printer causes black and white to be interchanged on the output image. No other colors are changed.
• Multiplane images must be recorded by xwd in ZPixmap format. Single-plane (monochrome) images may be in either XYPixmap or ZPixmap format.
• Some PCL printers do not recognize image positioning commands. Output for these printers is not centered on the page, and header and trailer strings may not appear where expected.
• The -gamma and -render options are supported only on the PaintJet XL printers.
• The -slide option is not supported on LaserJet printers.
• The -split option is not supported on HP printers.
• The -gray option is not supported on HP or IBM printers.