HP OpenVMS System Management Utilities Reference
Manual
/EXCLUDE
Input File-Selection Qualifier
Excludes files that otherwise meet the selection criteria for a save or
copy operation. The excluded files are not processed.
Format
input-specifier/EXCLUDE=(file-spec[,...]) output-specifier
Description
If you specify more than one file, separate the file specifications
with commas and enclose the list in parentheses. Do not use a device
specification when defining the files to be excluded. You can use most
standard wildcard characters, but you cannot use wildcard characters
denoting latest versions of files (;) or relative versions of files
(;-n).
Note that BACKUP does not apply temporary file specification defaults
within the list. Each file specification independently takes its
defaults from the file specification [000000...]*.*;*.
If you specify directory files (files with the file type .DIR), your
command is processed but the directory files are not excluded (they are
processed). BACKUP uses directory files to facilitate incremental
restore operations.
You cannot use the /EXCLUDE qualifier in image restore operations.
Example
|
$ BACKUP
_From: DRA2:[CONTRACTS]/BEFORE=TODAY/EXCLUDE=(*.OBJ,*.MAI)
_To: MFA0:CONTRACT.BCK/LABEL=DLY102
|
All files in the directory [CONTRACTS] that have a modification date
prior to today (the current day, month, and year at 00:00:00.0 o'clock)
are saved to the save set CONTRACT.BCK on drive MFA0, except for those
with a file type of .OBJ or .MAI.
/EXPIRED
Input File-Selection Qualifier
Selects files according to the value of the expiration date field in
each file header record.
Format
input-specifier/BEFORE=time /EXPIRED output-specifier
input-specifier/SINCE=time /EXPIRED output-specifier
Description
You must use the input file-selection qualifier /BEFORE or /SINCE with
/EXPIRED. The date and time you specify to /BEFORE or /SINCE determines
which files are processed.
You cannot use /EXPIRED with the input file-selection qualifiers
/BACKUP, /MODIFIED, or /CREATED.
Example
|
$ BACKUP [CONTRACTS]/BEFORE=TOMORROW/EXPIRED MTA1:30DEC.BCK/LABEL=WK04
|
This command saves all files in the directory [CONTRACTS] that have an
expiration date prior to tomorrow (24 hours after midnight last night)
to a save set named 30DEC.BCK.
/FAST
Command Qualifier
Processes the input specifier using a fast file scan to reduce
processing time. The input specifier must be a Files--11 disk.
Format
/FAST input-specifier output-specifier
Description
The fast file scan reads the index file on the Files--11 disk specified
by the input specifier and creates a table of files that match the
qualifiers you specified.
When you use the /FAST qualifier to save a disk, ALIAS directory trees
are not processed. Only the primary files that the ALIAS points to are
saved. Depending on the number of ALIAS directory specifications there
are on the disk, this may increase performance by reducing the number
of files BACKUP checks for processing. A message is displayed for each
ALIAS directory or file that is not processed.
To perform a fast file scan, you need write access to the INDEXF.SYS
file on the input medium, or the input medium must be write-locked.
This requirement is necessary because BACKUP opens the index file to
synchronize with the file system, whether or not any update is made.
A fast file scan is most useful when the input specifier includes most
of the files on the volume, and file-selection qualifiers (such as
those that pertain to date or owner) specify a relatively small set of
the files named. Because image operations implicitly use the fast file
scan, the /FAST qualifier is ignored if used with the command qualifier
/IMAGE.
You cannot use /FAST in restore operations.
Example
|
$ BACKUP/FAST
_From: DBA1:[*...]/MODIFIED/SINCE=TODAY
_To: MTA0:13NOVBAK.BCK,MTA1:/LABEL=WK201
|
In this example, all files on the disk DBA1 that have been modified
today are saved to a multireel tape save set named 13NOVBAK.BCK. The
/FAST qualifier is used to reduce processing time.
/FILES_SELECTED
Input File-Selection Qualifier
Specifies a file that contains a list of the files that will be
selected when a save set is restored.
Format
input-specifier /FILES_SELECTED=file-spec output-specifier
Description
The /FILES_SELECTED qualifier allows you to specify a file that
contains a list of the files that are to be selected when a save set is
restored. You can use this qualifier in place of the /SELECT qualifier
to select files to restore from a save set.
Do not use a device specification when you list the files to be
selected. In the list of files, enter one OpenVMS file specification
per line. You can use most standard wildcard characters, but you cannot
use wildcard characters denoting the latest version of files (;) and
relative versions of files (;-n).
Example
|
$ BACKUP INFO.BCK/SAVE_SET/FILES_SELECTED=RFILE.DAT []
|
The command in this example selects the files in RFILE.DAT and restores
them to the current default directory. The RFILE.DAT file contains the
following entries:
[INFO]RESTORE.COM
[PAYROLL]BADGE.DAT
EMPLOYEE.DAT
|
/FULL
Command Qualifier
Lists the file information produced by the command qualifier /LIST in
the format provided by the DCL command DIRECTORY/FULL.
Format
/LIST/FULL input-specifier [output-specifier]
Description
The /FULL qualifier is valid only with the command qualifier /LIST.
If you do not specify /FULL with /LIST, the /LIST qualifier uses the
default command qualifier /BRIEF and lists only the file specification,
size, and creation date of each file. When you specify /FULL, the list
includes more information from the file header records, such as the
BACKUP date, date of last modification, number of blocks allocated to
the file, file protection and organization, and record attributes.
Example
|
$ BACKUP/LIST/FULL MTA1:ROCK.BCK
Listing of save set(s)
Save set: ROCK.BCK
Written by: RINGO
UIC: [000200,000300]
Date: 20-AUG-2002 15:39:38.89
Command: BACKUP [.STONES] MTA0:ROCK.BCK/LABEL=BACKUP
Operating system: OpenVMS Alpha Version V7.3-1
BACKUP version: V7.3-1
CPU ID register: 08000000
Node name: _SUZI::
Written on: _MTA0:
Block size: 8192
Group size: 10
Buffer count: 30
[RINGO.STONES]GRAPHITE.DAT;1
Size: 1/1 Created: 18-AUG-2002 14:10
Owner: [000200,000200] Revised: 18-AUG-2002 14:10 (2)
File ID: (91,7,1) Expires: [None specified]
Backup: [No backup done]
File protection: System:RWED, Owner:RWED, Group:RE, World:
File organization: Sequential
File attributes: Allocation = 1, Extend = 0
Global Buffer Count = 0
Record format: Variable length, maximum 255 bytes
Record attributes: Carriage return
[RINGO.STONES]GRANITE.DAT;1
Size: 1/1 Created: 18-AUG-2002 14:11
Owner: [000200,000200] Revised: 18-AUG-2002 14:11 (2)
File ID: (92,9,1) Expires: [None specified]
Backup: [No backup done]
File protection: System:RWED, Owner:RWED, Group:RE, World:
File organization: Sequential
File attributes: Allocation = 1, Extend = 0
Global Buffer Count = 0
Record format: Variable length, maximum 255 bytes
Record attributes: Carriage return
.
.
.
Total of 4 files, 16 blocks
End of save set
|
The command in this example lists the files in save set MTA1:ROCK.BCK
in full format.
/GROUP_SIZE
Output Save-Set Qualifier
Defines the number of blocks BACKUP places in each redundancy group.
Format
input-specifier output-save-set-spec/GROUP_SIZE=n
Description
BACKUP writes redundant information to output save sets to protect
against data loss. Using the redundant information, BACKUP can correct
one uncorrectable read error in each redundancy group.
The /GROUP_SIZE qualifier specifies the number of output blocks written
to each redundancy group. The value of n can be 0 to 100. The
default value is 10. If you define a value of 0 for /GROUP_SIZE, no
redundancy groups are created for the save set.
Example
|
$ BACKUP/RECORD DBA1:[*...]/SINCE=BACKUP TAPE:SAVEWORK.BCK/GROUP_SIZE=5
|
This BACKUP command saves all files in the current default directory
tree that have been modified since the last BACKUP/RECORD operation;
the /GROUP_SIZE defines the redundancy group size as 5 blocks.
/HEADER_ONLY
Input File-Selection Qualifier
Specifies that only the file headers of a file are to be saved in a
BACKUP operation.
Format
input-specifier /HEADER_ONLY=option output-specifier
Description
The /HEADER_ONLY qualifier specifies that the Backup utility is to save
only the file header of a shelved or a preshelved file in a BACKUP
operation.
When a file is shelved, the data in the file is shelved, but the file
header is retained. Users shelve files to save disk space. (In
addition, users might preshelve files to save time by
performing shelving operations ahead of time.)
In a BACKUP save operation, the default behavior is to unshelve files
before backing them up. This brings back the file data online, so that,
when the BACKUP operation is performed, the entire file is backed up
(not just the file header). The only exception to the BACKUP default
behavior is in operations that use the /PHYSICAL or /IMAGE qualifier.
For those operations, the file remains in the file shelved state.
For more information about file shelving and preshelving, see the
Hierarchical Storage Management (HSM) documentation.
Use the following options with the /HEADER_ONLY qualifier:
| Option |
Description |
|
SHELVED
|
Saves only the file header of a shelved file.
|
|
NOSHELVED
|
Saves both the file header and the file data of a shelved file. (This
causes the file to be unshelved.)
|
|
PRESHELVED
|
Saves only the file header of a preshelved file.
|
|
NOPRESHELVE
|
Saves both the file header and the file data of a preshelved file.
|
Examples
| #1 |
$ BACKUP [INFO]/HEADER_ONLY=(SHELVED) MKA600:INFO.BCK/SAVE_SET
|
The command in this example saves all files in the directory [INFO] to
a tape drive save set named INFO.BCK. The shelved files in [INFO] will
not be unshelved. Only their file headers will be saved to save set
INFO.BCK because the /HEADER_ONLY=(SHELVED) qualifier is specified.
| #2 |
$ BACKUP [INFO]/HEADER_ONLY=(SHELVED,PRESHELVED)
MKA600:INFO.BCK/SAVE_SET
|
This command saves all files in the directory [INFO] to a tape drive
save set named INFO.BCK. The files saved from [INFO] will not be
unshelved because the HEADER_ONLY=(SHELVED,PRESHELVED) qualifier is
specified. The save set INFO.BCK will contain only the file headers of
files that are shelved or preshelved.
| #3 |
$ BACKUP/IMAGE DUA0: MKA600:INFO.BCK/SAVE_SET
|
The command in this example saves all files on the disk DKA0:. Because
the /IMAGE qualifier is specified, only the file headers of files that
are shelved or preshelved are saved to INFO.BCK.
| #4 |
$ BACKUP [INFO] MKA600:INFO.BCK/SAVE_SET
|
The command in this example saves all files in the directory [INFO] to
a tape drive save set named INFO.BCK. The files saved from [INFO] will
be unshelved (the default). The save set INFO.BCK will contain both the
file header and the data of files that are shelved or preshelved.
/IGNORE
Command Qualifier
Specifies that a BACKUP save or copy operation will override
restrictions placed on files or will not perform tape label processing
checks.
Note
File system interlocks are expressly designed to prevent data
corruptions, and to allow applications to detect and report data access
conflicts.
Use of the INTERLOCK keyword overrides these file data integrity
interlocks. The data that BACKUP subsequently transfers can then
contain corrupted data for open files. Also, all cases in which these
data corruptions can occur in the data that BACKUP transfers are not
reliably reported to you; in other words, silent data corruptions are
possible within the transferred data.
|
Format
/IGNORE= option input-specifier output-specifier
Description
The /IGNORE= qualifier has the following options:
|
ACCESSIBILITY
|
Processes files on a tape that is protected by a volume accessibility
character, or on a tape created by HSC Backup. The option applies only
to tapes. It affects the first tape mounted and all subsequent tapes in
the save set.
|
|
INTERLOCK
|
Processes files that otherwise cannot be processed due to file access
conflicts. Use this option to save or copy files currently open for
writing. No synchronization is made with the process writing the file,
so the file data that is copied might be inconsistent with the input
file, depending on the circumstances (for example, if another user is
editing the file, the contents might change). When a file open for
writing is processed, BACKUP issues the following message:
%BACKUP-W-ACCONFLICT, 'filename' is open for write by another user.
|
|
|
The INTERLOCK option is especially useful if you have files that are
open so much of the time that they might not otherwise be saved. The
use of this option requires the user privilege SYSPRV, a system UIC, or
ownership of the volume.
See the Note before this table for more information about this
keyword.
|
|
LABEL_PROCESSING
|
Saves or copies the contents of files to the specified magnetic tape
volume regardless of the information contained in the volume header
record. BACKUP does not verify the volume label or expiration date
before writing information to the tape volume. Note that you cannot use
this option with the /EXACT_ORDER qualifier.
|
|
LIMIT
|
Prevents the target device from inheriting the volume expansion limit.
|
|
NOBACKUP
|
Saves or copies both the file header record and the contents of files
marked with the NOBACKUP flag by the /NOBACKUP qualifier of the DCL
command SET FILE. If you do not specify this option, BACKUP saves only
the file header record of files marked with the NOBACKUP flag.
|
Examples
| #1 |
$ BACKUP/IGNORE=INTERLOCK
_From: DUA0:[SUSAN...]
_To: MTA0:SONGBIRD.BCK/LABEL=TAPE01
|
This command saves an entire directory tree and the files in all
subdirectories, including any files that are open.
| #2 |
$ BACKUP/IGNORE=LABEL_PROCESSING *.*;* MFA1:MYFILES.BCK/REWIND
|
This command rewinds the tape in drive MFA1 to the beginning-of-tape
marker, initializes the tape, and creates a save set containing all
files in the user's current directory. The command qualifier
/IGNORE=LABEL_PROCESSING specifies that no tape label processing checks
are done before BACKUP initializes the tape. When the tape is
initialized, access to data that previously resided on the tape is lost.
| #3 |
$ INITIALIZE/LABEL=VOLUME_ACCESSIBILITY:"K" MUA1: 29JUN
$ BACKUP/IGNORE=(ACCESSIBILITY)
_From: DUA0:[BOOKS...]
_To: MUA1:BACKUP.SAV /LABEL=29JUN
|
The INITIALIZE command in this example initializes the tape with an
accessibility character (K) and a volume label (29JUN). The BACKUP
command mounts the tape, regardless of the accessibility, and performs
the BACKUP operation. For more information about tape protection, see
the HP OpenVMS System Manager's Manual.
| #4 |
$ BACKUP/LOG/IMAGE/CONVERT DKA500:[000000]IMAGE.BCK/SAVE DKA200:/NOINIT
%BACKUP-I-ODS5CONV, structure level 5 files will be converted to structure
level 2 on DKA200:
-BACKUP-I-ODS5LOSS, conversion may result in loss of structure level 5
file attributes
%BACKUP-S-CREATED, created DKA200:[000000]000000.DIR;1
%BACKUP-S-CREATED, created DKA200:[000000]BACKUP.SYS;1
%BACKUP-S-CREATED, created DKA200:[000000]CONTIN.SYS;1
%BACKUP-S-CREATED, created DKA200:[000000]CORIMG.SYS;1
%BACKUP-S-CREATED, created DKA200:[000000]SECURITY.SYS;1
%BACKUP-S-CREATED, created MDA2:[000000]TEST_FILES.DIR;1
%BACKUP-S-CREATEDAS, created DKA200:[TEST_FILES]SUB^_^{DIR^}.DIR;1 as
DKA200:[TEST_FILES]SUB$$DIR$.DIR;1
|
You can use commands like the ones in the example if you have an image
backup of an ODS-5 disk, and you want to restore it to an ODS-2 disk.
In the command line in the example, IMAGE.BCK is the ODS-5 save set,
and DKA200: is the ODS-2 disk. When you use this conversion method, you
must preinitialize the output disk to ODS-2 and then include the
/NOINIT qualifier in your command line.
/IMAGE
Command Qualifier
Directs BACKUP to process an entire volume or volume set.
Beginning in Version 8.2, this qualifier has been supported for
Integrity servers disk. The image of an Integrity servers disk can be
saved and restored on either Alpha or Integrity servers.
Format
/IMAGE input-specifier output-specifier
Description
To use the /IMAGE qualifier, you need write access to the volume index
file (INDEXF.SYS) and the bit map file (BITMAP.SYS), or the input
medium must be write-locked. BACKUP opens the index file to synchronize
with the file system (no update is made). Finally, you must have read
access to all files on the input medium.
You can receive a fatal error if you use /IMAGE with the qualifier.
When you use the /IMAGE qualifier to save to a disk, alias directory
trees are not processed.
Note
The input and output devices in an image operation must be different
except in an image save operation when the output device is a Files--11
disk save set.
|
If the output volume is a disk, all files on the output volume are
stored contiguously. Contiguous storage of files eliminates disk
fragmentation and creates contiguous free blocks of disk space.
Because all files on the input volume are processed, you cannot use
input file-selection qualifiers in image copy or save operations. You
can, however, restore files and directories selectively from an image
save set.
When performing image operations on volume sets (more than one volume),
the number of volumes specified by the output specifier must be equal
to the number of volumes in the input volume set.
In an image save or copy operation, BACKUP attempts to save or copy all
files on the input disk volume including files marked for deletion and
lost files (files without a directory entry). By default, a BACKUP
image operation saves or copies the attributes but not the contents of
files flagged as NOBACKUP.
Also by default, BACKUP does not save the attributes nor the contents
of files open for write access by another user at the time of the image
save operation. If you want these files to be included, specify the
command qualifier /IGNORE in the BACKUP command line. The command
qualifier /IGNORE=NOBACKUP directs BACKUP to save or copy files flagged
as NOBACKUP. The command qualifier /IGNORE=INTERLOCK directs BACKUP to
save or copy files open for write access by another user.
An image restore or copy operation initializes the output volume or
volume set. The initialization data comes from the save-volume summary
record of the input volume unless the command qualifier /NOINITIALIZE
is specified. Specifying /NOINITIALIZE directs BACKUP to initialize the
output volume using volume initialization data that already exists on
the output volume.
In image restore and copy operations, every file is restored or copied.
The output volume must be mounted using the /FOREIGN qualifier. The new
volume is a functionally equivalent copy of the input volume; however,
file placement will change. Files are stored contiguously on the output
volume.
You cannot change the structure level of the output volume in an image
restore or copy operation. A BACKUP operation to mixed tape and disk
save sets, as shown in the following command, is unsupported:
$ BACKUP SYS$DISK:/IMAGE dka0:FUN,MKA0:/SAVE/REW
|
Examples
| #1 |
$ MOUNT/FOREIGN DMA1:
%MOUNT-I-MOUNTED, mounted on NODE$DMA1:
$ BACKUP/IMAGE/LOG DLA2: DMA1:
%BACKUP-S-CREATED, created DMA1:[000000]000000.DIR;1
%BACKUP-S-CREATED, created DMA1:[000000]BACKUP.SYS;1
%BACKUP-S-CREATED, created DMA1:[000000]CONTIN.SYS;1
%BACKUP-S-CREATED, created DMA1:[000000]CORIMG.SYS;1
%BACKUP-S-CREATED, created DMA1:[000000]ELLA.DIR;1
%BACKUP-S-CREATED, created DMA1:[ELLA]SCAT.DAT;1
%BACKUP-S-CREATED, created DMA1:[000000]JOE.DIR;1
%BACKUP-S-CREATED, created DMA1:[JOE]STRINGS.DAT;1
%BACKUP-S-CREATED, created DMA1:[000000]OSCAR.DIR;1
%BACKUP-S-CREATED, created DMA1:[OSCAR]KEYS.DAT;1
%BACKUP-S-CREATED, created DMA1:[000000]VOLSET.SYS;1
.
.
.
$
|
The MOUNT command prepares the target disk for the image copy
operation. The command qualifier /LOG directs BACKUP to display
information about each file copied on your terminal. The BACKUP command
initializes DMA1 and copies the disk volume DLA2 to DMA1. All files on
DMA1 are stored contiguously.
| #2 |
$ BACKUP/IMAGE DBA2: MTA0:ET.BCK,MTA1:
|
This command saves an entire disk volume to a multivolume save set
named ET.BCK using two magnetic tape drives.
| #3 |
$ MOUNT/FOREIGN DBA1:
%MOUNT-I-MOUNTED, mounted on NODE$DBA1:
$ BACKUP/IMAGE WORKDISK DBA1:28SEP.BCK/SAVE_SET
|
The MOUNT command prepares the target disk for the image save
operation. The BACKUP command performs an image save operation to a
Files--11 save set named 28SEP.BCK.
| 
