HP OpenVMS System Management Utilities Reference
Manual
/NEW_VERSION
Output File Qualifier
Creates a new version of a file if a file with an identical
specification already exists at the location to which the file is being
restored or copied.
Format
input-specifier output-specifier/NEW_VERSION
Description
If BACKUP attempts to copy or restore a file when a file with an
identical directory name, file name, type, and equal or higher version
number already exists, a new file is created with the same name and
type and a version number one higher than the highest existing version.
If you do not use /NEW_VERSION, /REPLACE, or /OVERLAY, and the version
number of the file being restored is equal to or less than the version
number of the existing file, BACKUP reports an error in copying or
restoring the file.
Note that when copying or restoring files using the /NEW_VERSION
qualifier, files are processed in decreasing version number order and
are created in ascending order. The result is that the version numbers
are inverted.
Because this qualifier causes version numbers to change, using it with
the /VERIFY qualifier will cause unpredictable results. HP recommends
that you do not use the /NEW_VERSION qualifier with the /VERIFY
qualifier.
Example
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$ BACKUP MTA1:NOV30REC.BCK/SELECT=*.DAT [RECORDS...]/NEW_VERSION
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This example restores all files with the file type of .DAT from the
magnetic tape save set NOV30REC.BCK to the directory [RECORDS]. The
/NEW_VERSION qualifier instructs BACKUP to restore each file with the
file type .DAT regardless of whether a file with the same file
specification already exists.
/NOINCREMENTAL
Command Qualifier
Beginning with OpenVMS Version 7.2, on a save operation, /NOINCREMENTAL
allows you to control the amount of file data that is saved. Use this
qualifier only if you are sure that you want to save specific files and
do not want to save all data.
In recent versions of OpenVMS, the /SINCE=BACKUP incremental save
operation has been refined so that files that are saved are accurate
and not redundant. As a result, the /NOINCREMENTAL and /SINCE=BACKUP
qualifiers are not allowed together. This ensures an accurate
/INCREMENTAL restore.
Note
/NOINCREMENTAL is valid only in BACKUP save operations. It is not
related to the /INCREMENTAL qualifier, which is valid only in restore
operations.
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Format
/NOINCREMENTAL input-specifier output-specifier
Description
In OpenVMS Version 6.2 and prior versions, the system, by default, did
not save files and subdirectories that were under directories that had
been modified. In OpenVMS Versions 7.0 and 7.1, to ensure a successful
restore, the system saved all files and subdirectories under
directories that had been modified. This behavior, however, sometimes
resulted in saving files and subdirectories that were not needed for
later restore operations.
Example
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$ BACKUP/ FAST/ NOINCREMENTAL /SINCE="3-MAY-2002" -
_$ MAC_DISK:[000000...]*.*;* -
_$ TAPE:MCDSK000503.BCK/ SAVE/ REWIND
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The command in this example executes an incremental save BACKUP
operation for an input volume; the command avoids saving all files
under recently modified directories.
/OVERLAY
Output File Qualifier
Writes the input file over a file with an identical specification at
the output location.
Format
input-specifier output-specifier/OVERLAY
Description
If BACKUP attempts to copy or restore a file when a file with an
identical directory name, file name, type, and version number already
exists, the new version of the file is written over the existing
version. The file identification of the new version is the same as the
file identification of the file that is overwritten.
The physical location of the file on disk does not change. If /OVERLAY
is specified, and the new file is larger than the one already present,
BACKUP allocates more blocks on the disk and extends the file.
When you do not use /OVERLAY, /REPLACE, or /NEW_VERSION, and the
version number of the file being restored is identical to the version
number of the existing file, BACKUP reports an error in copying or
restoring the file.
Example
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$ BACKUP DRA1:MAR30SAV.BCK/SAVE_SET [RECORDS...]/OVERLAY
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The sequential-disk save set MAR30SAV.BCK is restored to the directory
tree [RECORDS...]. If a file from the save set has a specification that
is identical to a file that already exists in [RECORDS...], the
/OVERLAY qualifier directs BACKUP to write over the existing version.
/OWNER_UIC
The /OWNER_UIC qualifier has been superseded by /BY_OWNER. HP
recommends that you substitute /BY_OWNER for /OWNER_UIC in command
procedures and operator instructions. See the description of /BY_OWNER
for more information.
/PHYSICAL
Command Qualifier
Specifies that BACKUP is to ignore any volume structure on the input
device and is to process the volume in terms of physical blocks. If you
write a save set with the BACKUP/PHYSICAL command, you must also
restore it with the BACKUP/PHYSICAL command.
Format
/PHYSICAL input-specifier output-specifier
Description
For physical copy operations between disks, the output device must be
either the same size or a larger-capacity disk.
If the output device is larger than the input device, only disk blocks
less than the size of the input device are written to the output
device. Depending on the volume structure of the input device, the
extra uninitialized blocks at the end of the output device might create
an unusable disk volume.
If the input device contains a FILES-11 ODS-2 or ODS-5 volume, you can
expand the volume size on the output device after the restore using the
SET VOLUME/LIMIT/SIZE DCL command.
For all physical operations, the output disk cannot have a bad block in
any location that corresponds to a good block on the input disk. (This
restriction does not apply to RA or more recent disk architectures.)
Note
BACKUP/PHYSICAL does not copy the first track (track 0) of RX01 and
RX02 diskettes; HP does not support track 0.
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Examples
| #1 |
$ MOUNT/FOREIGN DYA0:
$ MOUNT/FOREIGN DYA1:
$ BACKUP/PHYSICAL DYA0: DYA1:
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This example mounts RX02 diskettes in DYA0 and DYA1 as foreign devices
and copies the contents of the diskette mounted in DYA0 to the diskette
mounted in DYA1.
| #2 |
$ MOUNT/FOREIGN DBA1:
$ BACKUP/PHYSICAL MTA0:28SEP.BCK DBA1:
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This command restores a physical save set named 28SEP.BCK to DBA1.
/PROTECTION
Output Save-Set Qualifier
When you create a save set on disk, this qualifier defines the
protection to be applied to an output save set. When you create a save
set on magnetic tape, this qualifier defines the protection to be
applied to the magnetic tape volume. (All save sets created
subsequently on the tape will receive this same protection until the
tape is initialized.)
Format
input-specifier output-save-set-spec/PROTECTION[=(code)]
Description
Because the file system treats a BACKUP save set as a single file, it
is crucial that you protect save sets adequately. If you do not specify
adequate protection, anyone who has access to a save set can access any
file in the save set.
The protection code indicates the type of access (read, write, execute,
and delete) available to the four categories of users (system, owner,
group, and world). For more information about specifying protection
codes, refer to the OpenVMS User's Manual.
If the save set is written to either a Files--11 disk or a sequential
disk and /PROTECTION is not specified, BACKUP applies the process
default protection to the save set. If /PROTECTION is specified, any
protection categories not specified default to your default process
protection.
Protection information is written to the volume header record of a
magnetic tape, and applies to all save sets stored on the tape. If you
specify /PROTECTION, any protection categories that you do not specify
default to your default process protection.
To initialize a magnetic tape with the correct protection, specify the
output save-set qualifier /REWIND with the /PROTECTION qualifier. If
you do not specify /REWIND with /PROTECTION, the protection
information, if any, in the volume header record is not changed.
However, specifying /PROTECTION without /REWIND ensures that
continuation volumes receive the correct protection.
If the save set is written to magnetic tape and /PROTECTION is not
specified, BACKUP applies no protection to the tape.
In order to initialize a magnetic tape volume that was previously
initialized with the /PROTECTION qualifier, you must own the volume
(your UIC matches the UIC of the volume) or have the VOLPRO privilege.
Examples
| #1 |
$ BACKUP
_From: [CLEAVER...]
_To: MFA2:ACCOUNTS.BCK/BY_OWNER=[301,310]/REWIND/LABEL=BANK01-
_$ /PROTECTION=(S:RWE,O:RWED,G:RE,W)
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This command saves the directory tree [CLEAVER...] to a save set named
ACCOUNTS.BCK on the magnetic tape labeled BANK01. The output save-set
qualifier /REWIND directs BACKUP to rewind the tape and initialize it
before performing the save operation. The output save-set qualifier
/BY_OWNER assigns an owner UIC of [301,310] to the magnetic tape. The
/PROTECTION qualifier assigns the owner of the magnetic tape read,
write, execute, and delete access. SYSTEM users are assigned read,
write, and execute access; GROUP users are assigned read and execute
access; and WORLD users are assigned no access.
| #2 |
$ BACKUP/IMAGE
_From: DUA0:
_To: MFA2:DAILY.BCK/REWIND/LABEL=TAPE1-
_$ /PROTECTION=(S:RWED,O:RWED,G,W)
$ BACKUP/IMAGE DUA2: MFA2:DAILY2.BCK/PROTECTION=(S:RWED,O:RWED,G,W)
%BACKUP-I-RESUME, resuming operation on volume 2
%BACKUP-I-READYWRITE, mount volume 2 on _MFA2: for writing
Press return when ready: [Return]
|
This first BACKUP command creates an image backup of the disk DUA0 in a
save set named DAILY.BCK on the magnetic tape labeled BANK01. The
output save-set qualifier /REWIND directs BACKUP to rewind the tape and
initialize it before performing the save operation. The /PROTECTION
qualifier assigns the owner of the magnetic tape and SYSTEM users read,
write, execute, and delete access; GROUP and WORLD users are assigned
no access.
The second BACKUP command uses the same tape for an image backup of the
disk DUA2. When the tape is full, BACKUP requests another volume.
Because the /PROTECTION qualifier was specified with second BACKUP
command, the continuation volume receives the desired protection.
/RECORD
Command Qualifier
Records the current date and time in the BACKUP date field of each file
header record once a file is successfully saved or copied.
Format
/RECORD input-specifier output-specifier
Description
The /RECORD qualifier can be used only in save or copy operations on
Files--11 Structure Level 2 or 5 volumes. To use the /RECORD qualifier
on files, the user privilege SYSPRV is required.
When you use /RECORD in a copy or save operation, BACKUP writes the
date and time that the copy or save set was created in the BACKUP date
field of each file header record.
When you use /RECORD to perform incremental save operations on a disk
volume, do not allow other users to use /RECORD in their BACKUP
operations on the same disk volume. If other users specify /RECORD, the
dates in the BACKUP date fields of file header records will change.
This makes it impossible for you to save all files created or modified
since you last performed a save operation.
If you use the command qualifier /VERIFY with /RECORD, files that fail
verification are not recorded.
If /RECORD is not specified, the BACKUP date field of each processed
file is not changed.
You cannot use the /RECORD qualifier with the command qualifiers
/DELETE, /COMPARE, or /PHYSICAL.
Example
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$ BACKUP/RECORD DBA1:[000000...]/SINCE=BACKUP MTA0:13MAY.BCK
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This command saves all files on DBA1 that have been created or modified
since the last save operation and records the current date and time in
each file header record.
/RELEASE_TAPE
Command Qualifier
Dismounts and unloads a tape after a BACKUP save operation writes a
save set to the tape (and optionally verifies the saveset information
on that tape).
Format
/RELEASE_TAPE input-specifier output-specifier
Description
By using the /RELEASE_TAPE qualifier in conjunction with either the
/DELETE or /RECORD qualifiers, you can make a tape drive available for
other operations before the BACKUP command completes. You can also use
the /RELEASE_TAPE qualifier without the /DELETE or /RECORD qualifiers,
in which case the /RELEASE_TAPE qualifier dismounts and unloads the
tape in the drive after the BACKUP command completes.
You cannot use the /RECORD and /DELETE qualifiers in the same BACKUP
command.
Examples
| #1 |
$ BACKUP/IMAGE/RECORD/RELEASE_TAPE DUA1: MUA0:BACK.BCK
|
The command in this example backs up the disk DUA1 to the save set
BACK.BCK. By using the /RELEASE_TAPE and /RECORD qualifiers, BACKUP
dismounts and unloads the tape in MUA0 (making it available for other
operations) before it performs the action of the /RECORD qualifier.
| #2 |
$ ALLOCATE MUA0: TAPE
$ BACKUP/DELETE/RELEASE_TAPE/LOG DUA1:[MAIN...] MUA0:MAIN.BCK
.
.
.
$ DEALLOCATE TAPE
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The commands in this example back up some directories on a disk named
DUA1, and then delete the files that have been backed up. The
/RELEASE_TAPE qualifier dismounts and unloads the tape (making it
available for other operations) before the /DELETE qualifier performs
its action. The tape remains allocated until you enter the DEALLOCATE
command.
/REPLACE
Output File Qualifier
Replaces a file on the output specifier with an identically named file
from the input specifier.
Format
input-specifier output-specifier/REPLACE
Description
When you use /REPLACE in a copy or restore operation, and an
identically named file exists in both the input and output specifiers,
BACKUP performs the following tasks:
- Copies or restores a new version of the file with the same
directory specification, file name, type, and version number
- Deletes the copy of the file that previously existed on the output
disk
In this way, the previous copy of the file is replaced with the
restored version. Note that the version number is not incremented
because the old copy of the file is deleted. If you want to keep the
versions from both the input and the output specifiers, use the output
file qualifier /NEW_VERSION.
If you do not use /REPLACE, /OVERLAY, or /NEW_VERSION, and the version
number of the file being restored is identical to the version number of
the existing file, BACKUP reports an error and does not restore the
file.
Example
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$ BACKUP MUA0:SAVEWORK.BCK/SELECT=[LEE...] DUA0:[LEE...]/REPLACE
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The command in this example restores the directory tree [LEE...] (and
all files in the directory tree) from a magnetic tape save set to disk.
The input save-set qualifier /SELECT specifies the directory tree to be
selected from the save set. The output file qualifier /REPLACE
instructs BACKUP to first create a new version of an input file if the
output medium has a file with the same file specification, and then to
delete the file that originally existed on the output medium.
/REWIND
Input Save-Set Qualifier
Rewinds the input tape reel to the beginning-of-tape marker before
reading the input volume.
Format
input-save-set-spec/[NO]REWIND output-specifier
Description
The /[NO]REWIND qualifier is for magnetic tape volumes only.
The /REWIND qualifier directs BACKUP to rewind the input magnetic tape
to the beginning-of-tape marker before reading the input volume. Then
BACKUP locates the input save set. In this way, BACKUP can find the
input save set if it is located before the current tape position.
The /NOREWIND qualifier indicates that BACKUP should not rewind the
input volume before processing the command. Instead, BACKUP proceeds
toward the logical end-of-tape (the end of the last save set stored on
the tape). Therefore, if the specified save set is located before the
current position of the tape, BACKUP is unable to find it.
The default is /NOREWIND. You must specify /REWIND to rewind the tape.
Example
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$ BACKUP MFA1:CONTRACTS.BCK/REWIND DBA2:[*...]/BY_OWNER=ORIGINAL
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In this example, the save set CONTRACTS.BCK is restored to the disk
volume mounted on DBA2. The /REWIND qualifier rewinds the magnetic tape
to the beginning-of-tape marker before reading the input volume to
search for CONTRACTS.BCK. The output file qualifier /BY_OWNER restores
the original owner UICs.
/REWIND
Output Save-Set Qualifier
Rewinds the output tape to the beginning-of-tape marker and initializes
the output tape. The /NOREWIND qualifier causes the tape to wind
forward to the logical end-of-tape (the end of the last save set stored
on the tape) and to begin writing the save set there.
Format
input-specifier output-save-set-spec/[NO]REWIND
Description
The /[NO]REWIND qualifier is for magnetic tape volumes only.
If you specify /REWIND, BACKUP rewinds to the beginning of the magnetic
tape and searches the volume header record for a volume label. If the
volume header record contains no volume label, BACKUP writes the label
specified in the BACKUP command to the volume header record,
initializes the tape, and creates the save set on the tape.
If no label is specified explicitly in the command line, BACKUP uses
the first six characters of the save-set name as the volume label of
the first tape in a multivolume save set and the first four characters
of the save-set name followed by the volume number of the tape as the
volume label of subsequent tapes. You can also specify a label or list
of labels explicitly with the /LABEL qualifier. If you do not specify
enough labels with the /LABEL qualifier, BACKUP uses the first four
characters of the final label in the list followed by the volume number
of the tape as the volume label of subsequent tapes.
If BACKUP finds a volume label on the tape, it compares the volume
label with the label you specified in the BACKUP command line (either
explicitly with the /LABEL qualifier or implicitly through the save-set
name) and ensures that the tape is expired.
If the volume label is fewer than six characters long, BACKUP pads the
volume label with the blank character to six characters. The first four
characters of the volume label must either match the first four
characters of the label specified in the BACKUP command line exactly,
or the first four characters of the volume label must end with one or
more underscore characters. If the first four characters of the volume
label end with one or more underscore characters, and the label
specified in the command line matches the part of the volume label that
appears before the underscore characters, BACKUP accepts the match.
(For example, the volume label ABN_ matches the command line label ABN
but does not match the command line label ABNE.) If either the fifth or
sixth character of the volume label is in the range 0 to 9, BACKUP does
not compare these characters with corresponding characters in the label
specified in the BACKUP command line. Otherwise, the fifth and sixth
characters in the volume label must match the corresponding characters
in the label specified in the BACKUP command line exactly. The
following table illustrates volume labels that match labels specified
in the BACKUP command line:
| Label Specified in the Command Line |
Matching Volume Labels |
|
MAR
|
MAR, MAR_, MAR_nn
|
|
MAR_
|
MAR_, MAR_nn
|
|
MARK
|
MARK, MARKnn
|
|
MARKER
|
MARKER, MARKnn
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You can specify more than one label with the /LABEL qualifier. If any
label specified in the BACKUP command line matches the volume label of
the tape and the tape is expired, BACKUP overwrites the volume label of
the tape with the same volume label.
By overwriting the tape's volume label, BACKUP initializes the tape,
removing access to any data that previously resided on the tape and
preparing the tape to receive new data. During the initialization
process, BACKUP writes the values specified with the output save-set
qualifiers /TAPE_EXPIRATION, /PROTECTION, and /BY_OWNER to the volume
header record. (If these qualifiers are not specified, the default tape
expiration date is today, the default protection is none, and the owner
UIC of the tape is the UIC of the current process.) After initializing
the tape, BACKUP writes the save set to the tape.
If the label in the BACKUP command line did not match the volume label
of the tape, BACKUP displays the following message and prompt on your
terminal if you specified the command qualifier /NOASSIST, or on the
operator terminal if you did not specify /NOASSIST:
%BACKUP-W-MOUNTERR, volume 'number' on 'device' was not mounted because
its label does not match the one requested
Specify option (QUIT, NEW tape or OVERWRITE tape)
BACKUP>
|
If you enter QUIT at the BACKUP> prompt, BACKUP aborts, unloads the
magnetic tape, and issues the following message:
%BACKUP-F-ABORT, operator requested abort on fatal error
|
If you enter NEW at the BACKUP> prompt, BACKUP unloads the magnetic
tape and issues the following prompt for a new tape:
%BACKUP-I-READYWRITE, mount volume 'volume-number' on _'device-name': for writing
Enter "YES" when ready:
|
If you enter OVERWRITE at the BACKUP> prompt, BACKUP overwrites the
old volume label with the new volume label. (OVERWRITE instructs BACKUP
to ignore the fact that either the tape has not expired or that the
labels do not match.) By overwriting the tape's volume label, BACKUP
initializes the tape, removing access to any data that previously
resided on the tape and preparing the tape to receive new data.
During the initialization process, BACKUP writes the values specified
with the output save-set qualifiers /TAPE_EXPIRATION, /PROTECTION, and
/BY_OWNER to the volume header record. After initializing the tape,
BACKUP writes the save set to the tape.
If the tape is not expired, BACKUP displays the following message and
prompt on your terminal if you specified the command qualifier
/NOASSIST, or on the operator terminal if you did not specify /NOASSIST:
%BACKUP-W-MOUNTERR, volume 'number' on 'device' was not mounted because
its expiration date is in the future
Specify option (QUIT, NEW tape or OVERWRITE tape)
BACKUP>
|
Always specify /REWIND when the output tape has a non-ANSI or non-ISO
label or when the output tape has never been initialized.
The /NOREWIND qualifier directs BACKUP to compare the volume label of
the tape with the label you specified in the BACKUP command before
performing the save operation. You can specify a label explicitly with
the /LABEL qualifier; otherwise, BACKUP uses the first six characters
of the save-set name as the volume label. If the volume label does not
match the label you specified, BACKUP displays the following message
and prompt on your terminal if you specified the command qualifier
/NOASSIST, or on the operator terminal if you did not specify /NOASSIST:
%BACKUP-W-MOUNTERR, volume 'number' on 'device' was not mounted because
its label does not match the one requested
Specify option (QUIT, NEW tape or OVERWRITE tape)
BACKUP>
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