HP OpenVMS System Management Utilities Reference
Manual
If you choose the OVERWRITE option, BACKUP ignores the fact that the
volume labels do not match. If the labels match, or if you choose the
OVERWRITE option, BACKUP winds the tape forward to the logical
end-of-tape (the end of the last save set stored on the tape) and
writes the save set to the tape. If the logical end-of-tape is also the
physical end of the tape, BACKUP requests a new tape. Because BACKUP
searches for the end of data on the tape, you cannot write a new save
set to a tape if it ends with a save set that is continued onto another
tape.
Although the /NOREWIND qualifier does not initialize the first tape in
a multivolume save set, BACKUP initializes subsequent tapes in a
multivolume save set. BACKUP ensures that the tape is expired and that
the tape labels match before initializing subsequent volumes in a
multivolume save set.
The default is /NOREWIND. You must specify /REWIND to rewind and
initialize a magnetic tape volume.
Example
|
$ BACKUP
_From: *.PS
_To:
MTA0:DSRSAVE.BCK/REWIND/LABEL=DSR01/TAPE_EXPIRATION=29-JUN-2002
|
The command in this example initializes a new magnetic tape and writes
the volume label DSR01 and a tape expiration date of June 29, 2002, to
the tape's volume header record. Then this command saves all files in
the current default directory with a file type of .PS to the magnetic
tape save set named DSRSAVE.BCK.
/SAVE_SET
Input Save-Set Qualifier
Directs BACKUP to treat the input file as a BACKUP save set. You must
specify /SAVE_SET when the input specifier refers to a BACKUP save set
on disk.
Format
input-save-set-spec/SAVE_SET output-specifier
Description
The /SAVE_SET qualifier allows you to refer to a BACKUP save set on a
local Files--11 disk, a remote Files--11 disk, or a sequential disk. If
you do not specify /SAVE_SET, an input specifier that refers to a disk
is treated as a Files--11 file. An input specifier that refers to tape
is always treated as a BACKUP save set.
Examples
| #1 |
$ BACKUP DBA2:[BACKUP]1212MAR3.BCK/SAVE_SET DBA1:[*...]
|
This command restores a save set named 1212MAR3.BCK from DBA2 to DBA1.
| #2 |
$ BACKUP/LIST DBA2:[SAVE]23MAR02.BCK/SAVE_SET
|
This command lists the BACKUP summary information and the file name,
size, and creation date for each file in the save set named
23MAR02.BCK. The /SAVE_SET qualifier is required to identify the input
specifier as a save set on a disk.
| #3 |
$ BACKUP/LOG DBA2:[SAVE]23MAR02.BCK/SAVE_SET DBA3:[PLI.WORK]
|
This command restores the directory that was listed in Example 2. File
specifications are logged to SYS$OUTPUT as the files are restored.
/SAVE_SET
Output Save-Set Qualifier
Directs BACKUP to treat the output file as a BACKUP save set. You must
specify the /SAVE_SET qualifier when the output specifier refers to a
BACKUP save set on disk.
Format
input-specifier output-save-set-spec/SAVE_SET
Description
The /SAVE_SET qualifier allows you to create a BACKUP save set on a
local Files--11 disk, a remote Files--11 disk, or a sequential disk. If
you do not specify /SAVE_SET, an output specifier that refers to disk
is treated as a Files--11 file. An output specifier that refers to tape
is always treated as a BACKUP save set.
Examples
| #1 |
$ BACKUP [HILL] DBA1:[BACKUP]SEP28.BCK/SAVE_SET
|
This command saves the directory [HILL] to a save set named SEP28.BCK
on a Files--11 disk.
| #2 |
$ BACKUP DBA2:[PLI.WORK]*.*; [SAVE]23MAR02.BCK/SAVE_SET
|
This command saves the highest numbered version of each file in
directory [PLI.WORK] in a save set named 23MAR02.BCK on the same disk.
| #3 |
$ BACKUP
_From: []
_To: MILO"FRANKIE THISISMINE"::DUA0:[FRANKIE]MYDIR.BCK/SAVE_SET
|
This command saves all files in the current default directory to a
network save set named MYDIR.BCK on node MILO.
| #4 |
$ MOUNT/FOREIGN DBA0:
$ BACKUP [SIMS] DBA0:SIMS.BCK/SAVE_SET
|
This command saves all files in the directory [SIMS] to a
sequential-disk save set named SIMS.BCK.
/SELECT
Input Save-Set Qualifier
Selects the specified files for processing.
Format
input-save-set-spec/SELECT=(file-spec[,...]) output-specifier
Description
If you specify more than one file, separate the file specifications
with commas and enclose the list in parentheses. Do not use a device
specification when you define the files to be selected. You can use
most standard wildcard characters, but you cannot use wildcard
characters denoting latest version of files (;) and relative versions
of files (;-n).
Note that BACKUP does not apply temporary file specification defaults
within the list. Each file specification independently takes its
defaults from the file specification [000000...]*.*;*.
Example
|
$ BACKUP DBA1:JUL20.BCK/SAVE_SET/SELECT=[SNOW]BALL.PAS [WINTER.GAME]BALL.PAS
|
This command selects a file named [SNOW]BALL.PAS from a sequential-disk
save set and restores it to the directory [WINTER.GAME] on the current
default device.
/SINCE
Input File-Selection Qualifier
Selects files dated equal to or later than the specified date and time.
Format
input-specifier/SINCE=time output-specifier
Description
The /SINCE qualifier selects files by comparing the date and time in
the specified field of each file header record with the date and time
you specify in the command line. The following table shows the input
file-selection qualifiers you can use with /SINCE and their functions.
Use only one of these qualifiers at a time in your command line.
| Qualifier |
Function |
|
/BACKUP
|
Selects files last saved or copied by BACKUP/RECORD since the date
specified. Also selects files with no BACKUP date.
|
|
/CREATED
|
Selects files created since the date specified.
|
|
/EXPIRED
|
Selects files that have expired since the date specified.
|
|
/MODIFIED
|
Selects files last modified since the date specified. If you specify
/SINCE without another qualifier, /MODIFIED is used by default.
|
Specify the date and time as a delta time or as an absolute time using
the format [dd-mmm-yyyy[:]][hh:mm:ss.cc]. You can also use one of the
following reserved words to specify the date and time:
|
BACKUP
|
The BACKUP/RECORD operation (available only on Files--11 Structure
Levels 2 and 5 volumes)
|
|
TODAY
|
The current day, month, and year at 00:00:00.0 o'clock
|
|
TOMORROW
|
24 hours after midnight last night
|
|
YESTERDAY
|
24 hours before midnight last night
|
Be sure to perform an image backup, using the BACKUP/IMAGE/RECORD
command, before performing regular incremental backups. The image
backup saves a copy of the entire disk and marks each file as having
been saved. Regularly performed subsequent incremental backups assume
an image backup was already performed and therefore will save new or
modified files. If an image backup was not performed first, the
incremental backups will save more files than may be necessary, in an
attempt to ensure that an incremental restore will be successful.
Example
|
$ BACKUP [PLI.WORK]/SINCE=YESTERDAY/MODIFIED [PLI.SAV]
|
This command copies selected files in the directory [PLI.WORK] to the
directory [PLI.SAV]. Only those files that have been modified since 24
hours preceding midnight last night are processed. Even though it is
used in this example, the /MODIFIED qualifier is not required because
its action is the default when the /SINCE qualifier is specified.
/TAPE_EXPIRATION
Output Save-Set Qualifier
Writes a file expiration date other than the current date to the file
header label of the save set.
Format
input-specifier output-save-set-spec/TAPE_EXPIRATION[=date]
Description
When you specify the output save-set qualifier /REWIND during a save
operation to magnetic tape, BACKUP checks that the expiration date of
the first file on the tape has expired before initializing the
tape. Initializing the tape removes access to data previously stored on
the tape.
HP recommends that you specify an expiration date whenever you create a
BACKUP save set on magnetic tape using /REWIND. Daily BACKUP tapes
should expire in seven days, weekly BACKUP tapes should expire in one
month, and monthly BACKUP tapes should expire in one year.
Specify the date in the following format:
where:
|
dd
|
is the date.
|
|
mmm
|
is a 3-letter abbreviation of the month.
|
|
yyyy
|
is the year.
|
BACKUP writes the expiration date into the file's HDR1 ANSI label on
the tape. If you do not use the /TAPE_EXPIRATION qualifier, BACKUP uses
today's date as the expiration date.
Example
|
$ BACKUP DBA1:
_To: MTA0:13SEPBAK.BCK/REWIND/TAPE_EXPIRATION=20-SEP-2002/LABEL=SEPW02
|
In this example, the save set file 13SEPBAK.BCK receives an expiration
date of September 20, 2002. Becauses this command includes the /REWIND
qualifier, 13NOVBAK.BCK is the first file on the tape and its
expiration date indicates that the tape expires after seven days.
/TRUNCATE
Command Qualifier
Controls whether a copy or restore operation truncates a sequential
output file at the end-of-file (EOF) when creating it.
Format
/[NO]TRUNCATE input-specifier output-specifier
Description
By default, a copy or restore operation uses the allocation of the
input file to determine the size of the output file. Specify /TRUNCATE
if you want the output files to be truncated at the end-of-file (EOF).
Example
|
$ DIRECTORY/SIZE [FRANKIE]ORIGINAL.DAT
Directory DMA0:[FRANKIE]
ORIGINAL.DAT 35
Total of 1 file, 35 blocks
$ COPY ORIGINAL.DAT EXTENDED.DAT/ALLOCATION=500
$ BACKUP [FRANKIE]EXTENDED.DAT MFA0:20JUL.BCK/LABEL=WKLY03
$ BACKUP/TRUNCATE MFA0:20JUL.BCK/LABEL=WKLY03 DMA0:[FRANKIE]
|
This sequence of commands performs the following tasks:
- Determines that the file ORIGINAL.DAT is 35 blocks long.
- Copies ORIGINAL.DAT to EXTENDED.DAT, allocating 500 blocks for
EXTENDED.DAT.
- Saves the file EXTENDED.DAT to a save set named 20JUL.BCK on MFA0.
BACKUP writes the file allocation size in the file header record of the
saved file but saves only 35 blocks in the save set.
- Restores the save set file on MFA0 to a volume mounted on DMA0 and
truncates the output files at the EOF. The restored file is 35 blocks
long.
/VERIFY
Command Qualifier
Specifies that the contents of the output specifier be compared with
the contents of the input specifier after a save, restore, or copy
operation is completed.
Format
/VERIFY input-specifier output-specifier
Description
The /VERIFY qualifier is different from the command qualifier /COMPARE.
Unlike the /VERIFY qualifier, the command qualifier /COMPARE cannot be
used in a save, restore, copy, or list operation. The /VERIFY qualifier
directs BACKUP to perform the copy, save, or restore operation first
and then to perform the compare operation.
On file-structured copy operations, each file is compared after it is
copied. On physical copy operations, the volume is compared after it is
copied. For a save or restore operation, the verification is performed
in a separate pass and is preceded by the following informational
message:
%BACKUP-I-STARTVERIFY, starting verification pass
|
If a file does not compare successfully, BACKUP displays the following
error message:
%BACKUP-E-VERIFYERR, verification error for block 'block-number'
of 'disk:[directory]file_name.file_type;version_number'
|
The /VERIFY qualifier does not work on a restore or copy operation when
the /NEW_VERSION output file qualifier is also used. Because the
/NEW_VERSION qualifier reassigns output file versions, it is not
possible to correctly associate the created output files with the input
files from which they were copied.
Example
|
$ BACKUP/VERIFY/LOG *.LIS MFA0:LIST.BCK
%BACKUP-S-COPIED, copied DISK$DEFAULT:[WONDER]CRE.LIS;1
%BACKUP-S-COPIED, copied DISK$DEFAULT:[WONDER]CRETIME.LIS;1
%BACKUP-S-COPIED, copied DISK$DEFAULT:[WONDER]EXC.LIS;1
%BACKUP-S-COPIED, copied DISK$DEFAULT:[WONDER]NOREB.LIS;1
%BACKUP-S-COPIED, copied DISK$DEFAULT:[WONDER]REB.LIS;1
%BACKUP-S-COPIED, copied DISK$DEFAULT:[WONDER]SETREB.LIS;1
%BACKUP-S-COPIED, copied DISK$DEFAULT:[WONDER]VERS.LIS;1
%BACKUP-I-STARTVERIFY, starting verification pass
%BACKUP-S-COMPARED, compared DISK$DEFAULT:[WONDER]CRE.LIS;1
%BACKUP-S-COMPARED, compared DISK$DEFAULT:[WONDER]CRETIME.LIS;1
%BACKUP-S-COMPARED, compared DISK$DEFAULT:[WONDER]EXC.LIS;1
%BACKUP-S-COMPARED, compared DISK$DEFAULT:[WONDER]NOREB.LIS;1
%BACKUP-S-COMPARED, compared DISK$DEFAULT:[WONDER]REB.LIS;1
%BACKUP-S-COMPARED, compared DISK$DEFAULT:[WONDER]SETREB.LIS;1
%BACKUP-S-COMPARED, compared DISK$DEFAULT:[WONDER]VERS.LIS;1
|
This example creates a magnetic tape save set on MFA0 and starts the
verification pass after the save operation is completed. The /LOG
qualifier displays the file names as they are processed.
/VOLUME
Command Qualifier
Indicates that a specific disk volume in a disk volume set is to be
processed. The /VOLUME qualifier is valid only when used with the
/IMAGE qualifier.
Format
/IMAGE/VOLUME= n input-specifier output-specifier
Description
The /VOLUME qualifier allows you to perform an image save, restore, or
copy operation using one more disk drive than the number of disks in
the input volume set. When you use /VOLUME, you must write-lock the
entire input volume set.
When you perform an image copy or save operation with the /VOLUME
qualifier, all disks in the input volume set must be mounted. Mount the
volumes of the target volume set one at a time. Enter a separate BACKUP
command for each disk in the input volume set. A save set created with
the /VOLUME qualifier must be restored using the /VOLUME qualifier.
You can restore any image save set with the /VOLUME qualifier. All
disks in the output volume set must be mounted. Mount the disks in the
input volume set one at a time. You cannot use the command qualifier
/NOINITIALIZE in the restore operation with the command qualifier
/VOLUME.
In a compare operation that uses the /VOLUME qualifier to compare two
disk volume sets, all disks in both volume sets must be mounted. In a
selected-volume compare operation between a save set on tape and a disk
volume set, all disks in the disk volume set must be mounted.
Example
|
$ BACKUP/IMAGE/VOLUME=3 DISK$PUBLIC DRA1:
|
This command creates a functionally equivalent copy of the third volume
of a volume set named DISK$PUBLIC to DRA1. The disk mounted in DRA1
becomes the third volume of the image-copy volume set.
Table 7-3 shows BACKUP command formats for save operations and some
of the qualifiers you can use with a save operation.
Table 7-3 Save Operation Quick Reference
| Command Action |
Command Format and Example |
|
Saves a file to a save set on magnetic tape
|
BACKUP file-spec save-set-specifier/LABEL=label
$ BACKUP STRATDAT1.DAT MTA0:STRATDAT1.BCK/LABEL=TAPE01
|
|
|
|
|
Saves the most recent versions of files in a directory to magnetic tape
|
BACKUP [directory]*.*; save-set-specifier/LABEL=label
$ BACKUP [LYKINS...]*.*; MTA0:1409MAR17.BCK/LABEL=WKY102
|
|
|
|
|
Saves a disk volume to a save set on magnetic tape
|
BACKUP/IMAGE ddcu: save-set-specifier/LABEL=label
$ BACKUP/IMAGE DBA1: MTA0:000FEB4.BCK/LABEL=MTH101
|
|
|
|
|
Saves a disk volume to a multivolume save set on more than one magnetic
tape drive
|
BACKUP/IMAGE ddcu: save-set-specifier,ddcu:.../LABEL=(label1,...)
$ BACKUP/IMAGE DBA1: MTA0:17MAR.BCK,MTA1:/ -
_$ LABEL=(WKY101,WKY102)
|
|
|
|
|
Saves a list of files to a save set on magnetic tape
|
BACKUP file-spec,file-spec,... save-set-specifier/LABEL=label
$ BACKUP DBA1:[LYKINS...]*.PAS,DMA0:[DAKOTA...]*.PAS -
_$ MTA0:PAS17MAR.BCK/LABEL=TAPE01
|
|
|
|
|
Saves a disk volume for incremental backups for the first time
|
BACKUP/RECORD/IMAGE/LOG ddcu: save-set-specifier/LABEL=label
$ BACKUP/RECORD/IMAGE/LOG DBA1: MTA0:985FEB4.BCK/ -
_$ LABEL=DLY101
|
|
|
|
|
Saves a disk volume for incremental backups (not the first time)
|
BACKUP/RECORD/FAST/LOG ddcu:[*...]/SINCE=BACKUP
save-set-specifier/LABEL=label
$ BACKUP/RECORD/FAST/LOG DBA1:[*...]/SINCE=BACKUP -
_$ MTA0:988FEB4.BCK/LABEL=DLY101
|
|
|
|
|
Saves an unstructured disk volume
|
BACKUP/PHYSICAL ddcu: save-set-specifier/LABEL=label
$ BACKUP/PHYSICAL DMA1: MTA0:985FEB4.BCK/LABEL=MTH101
|
|
|
|
|
Saves a directory to a save set on a Files--11 disk
|
BACKUP [directory] save-set-specifier/SAVE_SET
$ BACKUP [LYKINS] DBA2:[BACKUP]1609FEB3.BCK/SAVE_SET
|
|
|
|
|
Saves a directory tree to a save set on magnetic tape
|
BACKUP [directory...] save-set-specifier/LABEL=label
$ BACKUP [LYKINS...] MTA0:1612FEB3.BCK/LABEL=TAPE01
|
|
|
|
|
Saves a directory tree to a save set on magnetic tape and creates a
listing file
|
BACKUP/LIST=file-spec [directory...] save-set-specifier/LABEL=label
$ BACKUP/LIST=8SEP.LOG [LYKINS...] MTA0:8SEP.BCK/LABEL=WKL101
|
|
|
|
|
Saves a directory tree to a save set on magnetic tape using data
compaction to increase the amount of data stored on a tape cartridge
|
BACKUP [directory...] save-set-specifier/MEDIA_FORMAT=COMPACTION
$ BACKUP [TESTFILES...]*.*;*
MUA0:TEST.SAV/MEDIA_FORMAT=COMPACTION/REWIND
|
Table 7-4 shows BACKUP command formats for restore operations and
some of the qualifiers you can use with restore operations. In the
examples in this table, it is assumed that save sets already exist on
the magnetic tape and disk.
Table 7-4 Restore Operation Quick Reference
| Command Action |
Command Format and Example |
|
Restores from save set on disk to Files--11 disk with original UICs
|
BACKUP save-set-specifier/SAVE_SET ddcu:[*...]/BY_OWNER=ORIGINAL
$ BACKUP DBA2:[BACKUP]FEB2.BCK/SAVE_SET DBA1:[*...]-
_$/BY_OWNER=ORIGINAL
|
|
|
|
|
Restores from a save set on magnetic tape to a Files--11 disk with
original UICs
|
BACKUP save-set-specifier ddcu:[*...]/BY_OWNER=ORIGINAL
$ BACKUP MTA0:1618FEB2.BCK DBA1:[*...]/BY_OWNER=ORIGINAL
|
|
|
|
|
Restores a selected file in a save set on magnetic tape to a Files--11
disk
|
BACKUP save-set-specifier/SELECT=file-spec file-spec
$ BACKUP MTA0:FEB2.BCK/SELECT=[POUDRE]UPLIFT.PAS -
_$ DBA1:[GEO.PAS]UPLIFT.PAS
|
|
|
|
|
Restores files with a specific UIC to a Files--11 disk
|
BACKUP save-set-specifier/BY_OWNER=[uic] file-spec
$ BACKUP MTA0:1641FEB2.BCK/BY_OWNER=[360,052] -
_$ DBA1:[LYKINS...]
|
|
|
|
|
Restores files to a Files--11 disk with a new UIC
|
BACKUP save-set-specifier file-spec/BY_OWNER=[uic]
$ BACKUP MTA0:1641FEB2.BCK -
_$ DBA1:[TESTS...]/BY_OWNER=[100,150]
|
|
|
|
|
Restores files to a Files--11 disk; if file exists, creates new version
|
BACKUP save-set-specifier file-spec/NEW_VERSION
$ BACKUP MTA0:1641FEB2.BCK DBA1:[LYKINS...]/NEW_VERSION
|
|
|
|
|
Restores files to a Files--11 disk; if file exists, replaces with new
version
|
BACKUP save-set-specifier file-spec/REPLACE
$ BACKUP MTA0:1641FEB2.BCK DBA1:[LYKINS...]/REPLACE
|
|
|
|
|
Restores files to a Files--11 disk selecting certain files
|
BACKUP save-set-specifier/SELECT=file-spec file-spec
$ BACKUP MTA0:1641FEB2.BCK/SELECT=[LYKINS.PAS] -
_$ DBA1:[LYKINS...]
|
|
|
|
|
Restores a directory tree, placing files in a different subtree
|
BACKUP save-set-specifier/SELECT=[directory...] [directory2...]
$ BACKUP MTA0:1641FEB2.BCK/SELECT=[FIELD...] -
_$ DBA1:[LYKINS.NEWDATA...]
|
|
|
|
|
Restores a Files--11 volume from a physical save set
|
BACKUP/PHYSICAL save-set-specifier ddcu:
$ BACKUP/PHYSICAL MTA0:26MAR.BCK DMA3:
|
|
|
|
|
Restores a Files--11 volume from an image save set
|
BACKUP/IMAGE save-set-specifier ddcu:
$ BACKUP/IMAGE MTA0:17AUG.BCK DRA3:
|
|
|
|
|
Restores a Files--11 volume, maintaining the initialization parameters
specified in the DCL command INITIALIZE
|
INITIALIZE ddcu: volume-name/new-parameters
MOUNT/FOREIGN ddcu:
BACKUP/IMAGE save-set-specifier ddcu:/NOINITIALIZE
$ INITIALIZE DBA1: UTTLPACK/CLUSTER=5
$ MOUNT/FOREIGN DBA1:
$ BACKUP/IMAGE MTA0:17AUG.BCK DBA1:/NOINITIALIZE
|
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