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HP OpenVMS Systems Documentation |
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HP COBOL
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Additional References
The examples that follow copy library text from two library files:
01[Tab]CUSTOMER-REC. [Tab]03 CUST-REC-KEY[Tab]PIC X(03) VALUE "KEY". [Tab]03 CUST-NAME[Tab]PIC X(25). [Tab]03 CUST-ADDRESS. [Tab] 05 CUST-CUST-STREET[Tab]PIC X(20). [Tab] 05 CUST-CITY[Tab]PIC X(20). [Tab] 05 CUST-STATE[Tab]PIC XX. [Tab] 05 CUST-ZIP[Tab]PIC 9(5). * THE COMPILER IGNORES COMMENT LINES AND BLANK LINES * FOR MATCHING PURPOSES [Tab]03 CUST-ORDERS OCCURS XYZ TIMES. [Tab] 05 CUST-ORDER[Tab]PIC 9(6). [Tab] 05 CUST-ORDER-DATE[Tab]PIC 9(6). [Tab] 05 CUST-ORDER-AMT[Tab]PIC 9(R)V99. |
[Tab]ADD CUST-ORDER-AMT (X) TO TOTAL-ORDERS. [Tab]COMPUTE AVERAGE-ORDER = (TOTAL-ORDERS - CANCELED-ORDERS) [Tab] / NUMBER-ORDERS. [Tab]MOVE CUST-REC-KEY [Tab] OF CUSTOMER-REC TO CUST-ID (X). [Tab]MOVE CUST-REC-KEY [Tab] OF KEY-HOLD TO NEW-KEY. |
In the following examples, the original source program text is shown in lowercase text. The text that is copied is shown in uppercase. (The messages in these examples are in OpenVMS Alpha and I64 format.)
Example 8-1 shows the results of a COPY statement with no REPLACING phrase. The compiler copies the library text without change. In this example, syntax errors result from invalid library text.
| Example 8-1 COPY with No REPLACING Phrase |
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1 identification division.
2 program-id. cust01.
3 data division.
4 working-storage section.
5 copy custfile.
L 6 01 CUSTOMER-REC.
L 7 03 CUST-REC-KEY PIC X(03) VALUE "KEY".
L 8 03 CUST-NAME PIC X(25).
L 9 03 CUST-ADDRESS.
L 10 05 CUST-CUST-STREET PIC X(20).
L 11 05 CUST-CITY PIC X(20).
L 12 05 CUST-STATE PIC XX.
L 13 05 CUST-ZIP PIC 9(5).
L 14 * THE COMPILER IGNORES COMMENT LINES AND BLANK LINES
L 15
L 16 * FOR MATCHING PURPOSES
L 17 03 CUST-ORDERS OCCURS XYZ TIMES.
1 2
%COBOL-F-SYN5 121, (1) Invalid OCCURS clause
%COBOL-W-RESTART 297, (2) Processing of source program resumes at this point
L 18 05 CUST-ORDER PIC 9(6).
L 19 05 CUST-ORDER-DATE PIC 9(6).
L 20 05 CUST-ORDER-AMT PIC 9(R)V99.
1
%COBOL-F-ERROR 178, (1) Invalid repetition factor
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Example 8-2 shows the results of replacing a word ("xyz") by a literal (6).
| Example 8-2 Replacing a Word with a Literal |
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22 copy custfile replacing xyz by 6.
L 23 01 CUSTOMER-REC.
L 24 03 CUST-REC-KEY PIC X(03) VALUE "KEY".
L 25 03 CUST-NAME PIC X(25).
L 26 03 CUST-ADDRESS.
L 27 05 CUST-CUST-STREET PIC X(20).
L 28 05 CUST-CITY PIC X(20).
L 29 05 CUST-STATE PIC XX.
L 30 05 CUST-ZIP PIC 9(5).
L 31 * THE COMPILER IGNORES COMMENT LINES AND BLANK LINES
L 32
L 33 * FOR MATCHING PURPOSES
LR 34 03 CUST-ORDERS OCCURS 6 TIMES.
L 35 05 CUST-ORDER PIC 9(6).
L 36 05 CUST-ORDER-DATE PIC 9(6).
L 37 05 CUST-ORDER-AMT PIC 9(R)V99.
1
%COBOL-F-PICREPEAT 178, (1) Invalid repetition factor
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Example 8-3 shows the results of replacing a word ("xyz") by a literal (6), and pseudo-text by pseudo-text. The compiler recognizes R as a text-word because parentheses enclose it. The other R characters are not text-words; they are part of other text-words.
| Example 8-3 Replacing a Word by a Literal and Pseudo-Text by Pseudo-Text |
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39 copy custfile replacing xyz by 6, ==r== by ==4==.
L 40 01 CUSTOMER-REC.
L 41 03 CUST-REC-KEY PIC X(03) VALUE "KEY".
L 42 03 CUST-NAME PIC X(25).
L 43 03 CUST-ADDRESS.
L 44 05 CUST-CUST-STREET PIC X(20).
L 45 05 CUST-CITY PIC X(20).
L 46 05 CUST-STATE PIC XX.
L 47 05 CUST-ZIP PIC 9(5).
L 48 * THE COMPILER IGNORES COMMENT LINES AND BLANK LINES
L 49
L 50 * FOR MATCHING PURPOSES
LR 51 03 CUST-ORDERS OCCURS 6 TIMES.
L 52 05 CUST-ORDER PIC 9(6).
L 53 05 CUST-ORDER-DATE PIC 9(6).
LR 54 05 CUST-ORDER-AMT PIC 9(4)V99.
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Example 8-4 shows the results of matching a nonnumeric literal. The opening and closing quotation marks are part of the text-word.
| Example 8-4 Matching a Nonnumeric Literal |
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129 copy custfile replacing xyz by 6, ==r== by ==4==
130 "KEY" by "abc".
L 131 01 CUSTOMER-REC.
LR 132 03 CUST-REC-KEY PIC X(03) VALUE "abc" .
L 133 03 CUST-NAME PIC X(25).
L 134 03 CUST-ADDRESS.
L 135 05 CUST-CUST-STREET PIC X(20).
L 136 05 CUST-CITY PIC X(20).
L 137 05 CUST-STATE PIC XX.
L 138 05 CUST-ZIP PIC 9(5).
L 139 * THE COMPILER IGNORES COMMENT LINES AND BLANK LINES
L 140
L 141 * FOR MATCHING PURPOSES
LR 142 03 CUST-ORDERS OCCURS 6 TIMES.
L 143 05 CUST-ORDER PIC 9(6).
L 144 05 CUST-ORDER-DATE PIC 9(6).
LR 145 05 CUST-ORDER-AMT PIC 9(4)V99.
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Example 8-5 shows the results of a multiple-line pseudo-text replacement item. The replacement item starts after the pseudo-text delimiter on line 167 and ends before the delimiter on line 169. The continuation area on the new line (172) contains the same characters as line 168 in the pseudo-text replacement item. This example is not a recommended use of the COPY statement. It only shows the mechanics of the statement.
| Example 8-5 Multiple-Line Pseudo-Text Replacement Item |
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166 copy custfile replacing xyz by 6, ==r== by ==4==
167 "KEY" by =="abc".
168 * cust-number is a new field
169 03 cust-number pic 9(8)==.
L 170 01 CUSTOMER-REC.
LR 171 03 CUST-REC-KEY PIC X(03) VALUE "abc".
LR 172 * cust-number is a new field
LR 173 03 cust-number pic 9(8).
L 174 03 CUST-NAME PIC X(25).
L 175 03 CUST-ADDRESS.
L 176 05 CUST-CUST-STREET PIC X(20).
L 177 05 CUST-CITY PIC X(20).
L 178 05 CUST-STATE PIC XX.
L 179 05 CUST-ZIP PIC 9(5).
L 180 * THE COMPILER IGNORES COMMENT LINES AND BLANK LINES
L 181
L 182 * FOR MATCHING PURPOSES
LR 183 03 CUST-ORDERS OCCURS 6 TIMES.
L 184 05 CUST-ORDER PIC 9(6).
L 185 05 CUST-ORDER-DATE PIC 9(6).
LR 186 05 CUST-ORDER-AMT PIC 9(4)V99.
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Example 8-6 shows the results of matching pseudo-text that includes separators.
The replacement phrase in line 210 fails to match the library text in line 212. The text-matching argument contains one text-word: the 13 characters beginning with c and ending with a period (.). The period is not a separator period, because it is not followed by a space. This argument fails to match the two text-words on line 212. The two text-words are: (1) CUSTOMER-REC and (2) the separator period.
The replacement phrase in line 211 replaces library text on line 215. The text-matching argument contains the same two text-words that are in the library text: (1) CUST-ADDRESS and (2) the separator period.
| Example 8-6 Matching Pseudo-Text That Includes Separators |
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209 copy custfile replacing xyz by 6, ==r== by ==4==
210 ==customer-rec.== by ==record-a.==
211 ==cust-address. == by ==customer-address.==.
L 212 01 CUSTOMER-REC.
L 213 03 CUST-REC-KEY PIC X(03) VALUE "KEY".
L 214 03 CUST-NAME PIC X(25).
LR 215 03 customer-address.
L 216 05 CUST-CUST-STREET PIC X(20).
L 217 05 CUST-CITY PIC X(20).
L 218 05 CUST-STATE PIC XX.
L 219 05 CUST-ZIP PIC 9(5).
L 220 * THE COMPILER IGNORES COMMENT LINES AND BLANK LINES
L 221
L 222 * FOR MATCHING PURPOSES
LR 223 03 CUST-ORDERS OCCURS 6 TIMES.
L 224 05 CUST-ORDER PIC 9(6).
L 225 05 CUST-ORDER-DATE PIC 9(6).
LR 226 05 CUST-ORDER-AMT PIC 9(4)V99.
227
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Examples Using Format 2 (OpenVMS)
Figure 8-1 represents a hierarchical repository structure for Examples 8-7, 8-8, and 8-9. It contains one repository directory and two repository objects.
Figure 8-1 Hierarchical Repository Structure (OpenVMS)
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