HP OpenVMS Systems Documentation

Command Qualifier

Dismounts and unloads a tape after a BACKUP save operation writes a save set to the tape (and optionally verifies the saveset information on that tape).

Format

/RELEASE_TAPE input-specifier output-specifier

Description

By using the /RELEASE_TAPE qualifier in conjunction with either the /DELETE or /RECORD qualifiers, you can make a tape drive available for other operations before the BACKUP command completes. You can also use the /RELEASE_TAPE qualifier without the /DELETE or /RECORD qualifiers, in which case the /RELEASE_TAPE qualifier dismounts and unloads the tape in the drive after the BACKUP command completes.

You cannot use the /RECORD and /DELETE qualifiers in the same BACKUP command.

Examples

$ BACKUP/IMAGE/RECORD/RELEASE_TAPE DUA1: MUA0:BACK.BCK
      

The command in this example backs up the disk DUA1 to the save set BACK.BCK. By using the /RELEASE_TAPE and /RECORD qualifiers, BACKUP dismounts and unloads the tape in MUA0 (making it available for other operations) before it performs the action of the /RECORD qualifier.

$ ALLOCATE MUA0: TAPE
$ BACKUP/DELETE/RELEASE_TAPE/LOG DUA1:[MAIN...] MUA0:MAIN.BCK
. 
. 
.
$ DEALLOCATE TAPE
      

The commands in this example back up some directories on a disk named DUA1, and then delete the files that have been backed up. The /RELEASE_TAPE qualifier dismounts and unloads the tape (making it available for other operations) before the /DELETE qualifier performs its action. The tape remains allocated until you enter the DEALLOCATE command.

Helps BACKUP to reset the RMS file attribute of a saveset file which gets corrupted while saveset is transferred through World Wide Web (WWW) or copied using FTP or compressed and uncompressed using ZIP.

You can use the /REPAIR qualifier repair the saveset attributes.

Output File Qualifier

Replaces a file on the output specifier with an identically named file from the input specifier.

Format

input-specifier output-specifier/REPLACE

Description

When you use /REPLACE in a copy or restore operation, and an identically named file exists in both the input and output specifiers, BACKUP performs the following tasks:

• Copies or restores a new version of the file with the same directory specification, file name, type, and version number
• Deletes the copy of the file that previously existed on the output disk

In this way, the previous copy of the file is replaced with the restored version. Note that the version number is not incremented because the old copy of the file is deleted. If you want to keep the versions from both the input and the output specifiers, use the output file qualifier /NEW_VERSION.

If you do not use /REPLACE, /OVERLAY, or /NEW_VERSION, and the version number of the file being restored is identical to the version number of the existing file, BACKUP reports an error and does not restore the file.

Example

$ BACKUP MUA0:SAVEWORK.BCK/SELECT=[LEE...] DUA0:[LEE...]/REPLACE
      

The command in this example restores the directory tree [LEE...] (and all files in the directory tree) from a magnetic tape save set to disk. The input save-set qualifier /SELECT specifies the directory tree to be selected from the save set. The output file qualifier /REPLACE instructs BACKUP to first create a new version of an input file if the output medium has a file with the same file specification, and then to delete the file that originally existed on the output medium.

Input Save-Set Qualifier

See a separate description of /REWIND as an output save-set qualifier.

Rewinds the input tape reel to the beginning-of-tape marker before reading the input volume.

Input or Output Save-Set Qualifier

As an input save-set qualifier, causes the input tape reel to be rewound (/REWIND) or not rewound (/NOREWIND) to beginning-of-tape (BOT) before BACKUP searches for the save-set name specified in the input specifier.

As an output save-set qualifier, specifies that the output magnetic tape is to be rewound and initialized before the save operation begins (/REWIND) or that the tape is neither to be rewound nor initialized before the save operation begins (/NOREWIND). Initializing the tape removes access to any existing data on the tape.

If you want to start processing at BOT, and the magnetic tape is already positioned beyond BOT, specify /REWIND. Otherwise, the magnetic tape begins (or resumes) processing from the logical end-of-tape (EOT) marker.

Use the /[NO]REWIND qualifier for magnetic tape save sets only.

Format

input-save-set-spec/[NO]REWIND output-specifier

Description

The /[NO]REWIND qualifier is for magnetic tape volumes only.

The /REWIND qualifier directs BACKUP to rewind the input magnetic tape to the beginning-of-tape marker before reading the input volume. Then BACKUP locates the input save set. In this way, BACKUP can find the input save set if it is located before the current tape position.

The /NOREWIND qualifier indicates that BACKUP should not rewind the input volume before processing the command. Instead, BACKUP proceeds toward the logical end-of-tape (the end of the last save set stored on the tape). Therefore, if the specified save set is located before the current position of the tape, BACKUP is unable to find it.

The default is /NOREWIND. You must specify /REWIND to rewind the tape.

Example

$ BACKUP MFA1:CONTRACTS.BCK/REWIND DBA2:[*...]/BY_OWNER=ORIGINAL
      

In this example, the save set CONTRACTS.BCK is restored to the disk volume mounted on DBA2. The /REWIND qualifier rewinds the magnetic tape to the beginning-of-tape marker before reading the input volume to search for CONTRACTS.BCK. The output file qualifier /BY_OWNER restores the original owner UICs.

Output Save-Set Qualifier

See a separate description of /REWIND as an input save-set qualifier.

Rewinds the output tape to the beginning-of-tape marker and initializes the output tape. The /NOREWIND qualifier causes the tape to wind forward to the logical end-of-tape (the end of the last save set stored on the tape) and to begin writing the save set there.

Format

input-specifier output-save-set-spec/[NO]REWIND

Description

The /[NO]REWIND qualifier is for magnetic tape volumes only.

If you specify /REWIND, BACKUP rewinds to the beginning of the magnetic tape and searches the volume header record for a volume label. If the volume header record contains no volume label, BACKUP writes the label specified in the BACKUP command to the volume header record, initializes the tape, and creates the save set on the tape.

If no label is specified explicitly in the command line, BACKUP uses the first six characters of the save-set name as the volume label of the first tape in a multivolume save set and the first four characters of the save-set name followed by the volume number of the tape as the volume label of subsequent tapes. You can also specify a label or list of labels explicitly with the /LABEL qualifier. If you do not specify enough labels with the /LABEL qualifier, BACKUP uses the first four characters of the final label in the list followed by the volume number of the tape as the volume label of subsequent tapes.

If BACKUP finds a volume label on the tape, it compares the volume label with the label you specified in the BACKUP command line (either explicitly with the /LABEL qualifier or implicitly through the save-set name) and ensures that the tape is expired.

If the volume label is fewer than six characters long, BACKUP pads the volume label with the blank character to six characters. The first four characters of the volume label must either match the first four characters of the label specified in the BACKUP command line exactly, or the first four characters of the volume label must end with one or more underscore characters. If the first four characters of the volume label end with one or more underscore characters, and the label specified in the command line matches the part of the volume label that appears before the underscore characters, BACKUP accepts the match. (For example, the volume label ABN_ matches the command line label ABN but does not match the command line label ABNE.)

If either the fifth or sixth character of the volume label is in the range 0 to 9, BACKUP does not compare these characters with corresponding characters in the label specified in the BACKUP command line. Otherwise, the fifth and sixth characters in the volume label must match the corresponding characters in the label specified in the BACKUP command line exactly. The following table illustrates volume labels that match labels specified in the BACKUP command line:

Label Specified in the Command Line	Matching Volume Labels
MAR	MAR, MAR_, MAR_nn
MAR_	MAR_, MAR_nn
MARK	MARK, MARKnn
MARKER	MARKER, MARKnn

You can specify more than one label with the /LABEL qualifier. If any label specified in the BACKUP command line matches the volume label of the tape and the tape is expired, BACKUP overwrites the volume label of the tape with the same volume label.

By overwriting the tape's volume label, BACKUP initializes the tape, removing access to any data that previously resided on the tape and preparing the tape to receive new data. During the initialization process, BACKUP writes the values specified with the output save-set qualifiers /TAPE_EXPIRATION, /PROTECTION, and /BY_OWNER to the volume header record. (If these qualifiers are not specified, the default tape expiration date is today, the default protection is none, and the owner UIC of the tape is the UIC of the current process.) After initializing the tape, BACKUP writes the save set to the tape.

If the label in the BACKUP command line did not match the volume label of the tape, BACKUP displays the following message and prompt on your terminal if you specified the command qualifier /NOASSIST, or on the operator terminal if you did not specify /NOASSIST:

%BACKUP-W-MOUNTERR, volume 'number' on 'device' was not mounted because its label does not match the one requested Specify option (QUIT, NEW tape or OVERWRITE tape) BACKUP>

If you enter QUIT at the BACKUP> prompt, BACKUP aborts, unloads the magnetic tape, and issues the following message:

%BACKUP-F-ABORT, operator requested abort on fatal error

If you enter NEW at the BACKUP> prompt, BACKUP unloads the magnetic tape and issues the following prompt for a new tape:

%BACKUP-I-READYWRITE, mount volume 'volume-number' on _'device-name': for writing Enter "YES" when ready:

If you enter OVERWRITE at the BACKUP> prompt, BACKUP overwrites the old volume label with the new volume label. (OVERWRITE instructs BACKUP to ignore the fact that either the tape has not expired or that the labels do not match.) By overwriting the tape's volume label, BACKUP initializes the tape, removing access to any data that previously resided on the tape and preparing the tape to receive new data.

During the initialization process, BACKUP writes the values specified with the output save-set qualifiers /TAPE_EXPIRATION, /PROTECTION, and /BY_OWNER to the volume header record. After initializing the tape, BACKUP writes the save set to the tape.

If the tape is not expired, BACKUP displays the following message and prompt on your terminal if you specified the command qualifier /NOASSIST, or on the operator terminal if you did not specify /NOASSIST:

%BACKUP-W-MOUNTERR, volume 'number' on 'device' was not mounted because its expiration date is in the future Specify option (QUIT, NEW tape or OVERWRITE tape) BACKUP>

Always specify /REWIND when the output tape has a non-ANSI or non-ISO label or when the output tape has never been initialized.

The /NOREWIND qualifier directs BACKUP to compare the volume label of the tape with the label you specified in the BACKUP command before performing the save operation. You can specify a label explicitly with the /LABEL qualifier; otherwise, BACKUP uses the first six characters of the save-set name as the volume label. If the volume label does not match the label you specified, BACKUP displays the following message and prompt on your terminal if you specified the command qualifier /NOASSIST, or on the operator terminal if you did not specify /NOASSIST:

%BACKUP-W-MOUNTERR, volume 'number' on 'device' was not mounted because its label does not match the one requested Specify option (QUIT, NEW tape or OVERWRITE tape) BACKUP>

If you choose the OVERWRITE option, BACKUP ignores the fact that the volume labels do not match. If the labels match, or if you choose the OVERWRITE option, BACKUP winds the tape forward to the logical end-of-tape (the end of the last save set stored on the tape) and writes the save set to the tape. If the logical end-of-tape is also the physical end of the tape, BACKUP requests a new tape. Because BACKUP searches for the end of data on the tape, you cannot write a new save set to a tape if it ends with a save set that is continued onto another tape.

Although the /NOREWIND qualifier does not initialize the first tape in a multivolume save set, BACKUP initializes subsequent tapes in a multivolume save set. BACKUP ensures that the tape is expired and that the tape labels match before initializing subsequent volumes in a multivolume save set.

The default is /NOREWIND. You must specify /REWIND to rewind and initialize a magnetic tape volume.

Example

$ BACKUP
_From: *.PS
_To: 
MTA0:DSRSAVE.BCK/REWIND/LABEL=DSR01/TAPE_EXPIRATION=29-JUN-2002
      

The command in this example initializes a new magnetic tape and writes the volume label DSR01 and a tape expiration date of June 29, 2002, to the tape's volume header record. Then this command saves all files in the current default directory with a file type of .PS to the magnetic tape save set named DSRSAVE.BCK.

Input Save-Set Qualifier

See a separate description of /SAVE_SET as an output save-set qualifier.

Directs BACKUP to treat the input file as a BACKUP save set. You must specify /SAVE_SET when the input specifier refers to a BACKUP save set on disk.

Format

input-save-set-spec/SAVE_SET output-specifier

Description

The /SAVE_SET qualifier allows you to refer to a BACKUP save set on a local Files--11 disk, a remote Files--11 disk, or a sequential disk. If you do not specify /SAVE_SET, an input specifier that refers to a disk is treated as a Files--11 file. An input specifier that refers to tape is always treated as a BACKUP save set.

Examples

$ BACKUP DBA2:[BACKUP]1212MAR3.BCK/SAVE_SET DBA1:[*...]
      

This command restores a save set named 1212MAR3.BCK from DBA2 to DBA1.

$ BACKUP/LIST DBA2:[SAVE]23MAR02.BCK/SAVE_SET
      

This command lists the BACKUP summary information and the file name, size, and creation date for each file in the save set named 23MAR02.BCK. The /SAVE_SET qualifier is required to identify the input specifier as a save set on a disk.

$ BACKUP/LOG DBA2:[SAVE]23MAR02.BCK/SAVE_SET DBA3:[PLI.WORK]
      

This command restores the directory that was listed in Example 2. File specifications are logged to SYS$OUTPUT as the files are restored.

Output Save-Set Qualifier

See a separate description of /SAVE_SET as an input save-set qualifier.

Directs BACKUP to treat the output file as a BACKUP save set. You must specify the /SAVE_SET qualifier when the output specifier refers to a BACKUP save set on disk.

Format

input-specifier output-save-set-spec/SAVE_SET

Description

The /SAVE_SET qualifier allows you to create a BACKUP save set on a local Files--11 disk, a remote Files--11 disk, or a sequential disk. If you do not specify /SAVE_SET, an output specifier that refers to disk is treated as a Files--11 file. An output specifier that refers to tape is always treated as a BACKUP save set.

Examples

$ BACKUP [HILL] DBA1:[BACKUP]SEP28.BCK/SAVE_SET
      

This command saves the directory [HILL] to a save set named SEP28.BCK on a Files--11 disk.

$ BACKUP DBA2:[PLI.WORK]*.*; [SAVE]23MAR02.BCK/SAVE_SET
      

This command saves the highest numbered version of each file in directory [PLI.WORK] in a save set named 23MAR02.BCK on the same disk.

$ BACKUP
_From: []
_To: MILO"FRANKIE THISISMINE"::DUA0:[FRANKIE]MYDIR.BCK/SAVE_SET
      

This command saves all files in the current default directory to a network save set named MYDIR.BCK on node MILO.

 $ MOUNT/FOREIGN DBA0:
$ BACKUP [SIMS] DBA0:SIMS.BCK/SAVE_SET
      

This command saves all files in the directory [SIMS] to a sequential-disk save set named SIMS.BCK.

Input Save-Set Qualifier

Selects the specified files for processing.

Format

input-save-set-spec/SELECT=(file-spec[,...]) output-specifier

Description

If you specify more than one file, separate the file specifications with commas and enclose the list in parentheses. Do not use a device specification when you define the files to be selected. You can use most standard wildcard characters, but you cannot use wildcard characters denoting latest version of files (;) and relative versions of files (;-n).

Note that BACKUP does not apply temporary file specification defaults within the list. Each file specification independently takes its defaults from the file specification [000000...]*.*;*.

Example

$ BACKUP DBA1:JUL20.BCK/SAVE_SET/SELECT=[SNOW]BALL.PAS [WINTER.GAME]BALL.PAS
      

This command selects a file named [SNOW]BALL.PAS from a sequential-disk save set and restores it to the directory [WINTER.GAME] on the current default device.

Input File-Selection Qualifier

Selects files dated equal to or later than the specified date and time.

Format

input-specifier/SINCE=time output-specifier

Description

The /SINCE qualifier selects files by comparing the date and time in the specified field of each file header record with the date and time you specify in the command line. The following table shows the input file-selection qualifiers you can use with /SINCE and their functions. Use only one of these qualifiers at a time in your command line.

Qualifier	Function
/BACKUP	Selects files last saved or copied by BACKUP/RECORD since the date specified. Also selects files with no BACKUP date.
/CREATED	Selects files created since the date specified.
/EXPIRED	Selects files that have expired since the date specified.
/MODIFIED	Selects files last modified since the date specified. If you specify /SINCE without another qualifier, /MODIFIED is used by default.

Specify the date and time as a delta time or as an absolute time using the format [dd-mmm-yyyy[:]][hh:mm:ss.cc]. You can also use one of the following reserved words to specify the date and time:

BACKUP	The BACKUP/RECORD operation (available only on Files--11 Structure Levels 2 and 5 volumes)
TODAY	The current day, month, and year at 00:00:00.0 o'clock
TOMORROW	24 hours after midnight last night
YESTERDAY	24 hours before midnight last night

Be sure to perform an image backup, using the BACKUP/IMAGE/RECORD command, before performing regular incremental backups. The image backup saves a copy of the entire disk and marks each file as having been saved. Regularly performed subsequent incremental backups assume an image backup was already performed and therefore will save new or modified files. If an image backup was not performed first, the incremental backups will save more files than may be necessary, in an attempt to ensure that an incremental restore will be successful.

Example

$ BACKUP [PLI.WORK]/SINCE=YESTERDAY/MODIFIED [PLI.SAV]
      

This command copies selected files in the directory [PLI.WORK] to the directory [PLI.SAV]. Only those files that have been modified since 24 hours preceding midnight last night are processed. Even though it is used in this example, the /MODIFIED qualifier is not required because its action is the default when the /SINCE qualifier is specified.