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HP OpenVMS System Management Utilities Reference
Manual
/SIZE
Command Qualifier
The logical volume size is recorded in the save-set header during a
backup operation. By default, during a restore operation, the logical
volume size is not preserved because restoring a save set of 2 GB to a
4-GB disk, for example, results in only 2 GB of available disk space.
The /SIZE qualifier, however, allows you to preserve the logical volume
size on the target device. Alternatively, you can specify the logical
volume size of the target device by using the optional keyword value
n.
Format
/SIZE(=[n])
Description
When you specify /SIZE, the geometry of the target device is determined
by the logical size of the source original rather than calling $GETDVI
to find out the physical limits of the device.
The /SIZE qualifier can use an optional value n as the new
logical size of the target device. This new value overrides any
existing value in the save set. (This matches the way the /SIZE
qualifier in the INITIALIZE utility works.)
Example
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$ BACKUP LEEHE.BCK/SAVE DKA100:/IMAGE/SIZE=8000000
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In this example, a save set is restored to device DKA100. The operation
initializes the logical volume size of DKA100 to be 8,000,000 blocks.
/TAPE_EXPIRATION
Output Save-Set Qualifier
Writes a file expiration date other than the current date to the file
header label of the save set.
Format
input-specifier output-save-set-spec/TAPE_EXPIRATION[=date]
Description
When you specify the output save-set qualifier /REWIND during a save
operation to magnetic tape, BACKUP checks that the expiration date of
the first file on the tape has expired before initializing the
tape. Initializing the tape removes access to data previously stored on
the tape.
HP recommends that you specify an expiration date whenever you create a
BACKUP save set on magnetic tape using /REWIND. Daily BACKUP tapes
should expire in seven days, weekly BACKUP tapes should expire in one
month, and monthly BACKUP tapes should expire in one year.
Specify the date in the following format:
where:
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dd
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is the date.
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mmm
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is a 3-letter abbreviation of the month.
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yyyy
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is the year.
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BACKUP writes the expiration date into the file's HDR1 ANSI label on
the tape. If you do not use the /TAPE_EXPIRATION qualifier, BACKUP uses
today's date as the expiration date.
Example
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$ BACKUP DBA1:
_To: MTA0:13SEPBAK.BCK/REWIND/TAPE_EXPIRATION=20-SEP-2002/LABEL=SEPW02
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In this example, the save set file 13SEPBAK.BCK receives an expiration
date of September 20, 2002. Becauses this command includes the /REWIND
qualifier, 13NOVBAK.BCK is the first file on the tape and its
expiration date indicates that the tape expires after seven days.
/TRUNCATE
Command Qualifier
Controls whether a copy or restore operation truncates a sequential
output file at the end-of-file (EOF) when creating it.
Format
/[NO]TRUNCATE input-specifier output-specifier
Description
By default, a copy or restore operation uses the allocation of the
input file to determine the size of the output file. Specify /TRUNCATE
if you want the output files to be truncated at the end-of-file (EOF).
Example
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$ DIRECTORY/SIZE [FRANKIE]ORIGINAL.DAT
Directory DMA0:[FRANKIE]
ORIGINAL.DAT 35
Total of 1 file, 35 blocks
$ COPY ORIGINAL.DAT EXTENDED.DAT/ALLOCATION=500
$ BACKUP [FRANKIE]EXTENDED.DAT MFA0:20JUL.BCK/LABEL=WKLY03
$ BACKUP/TRUNCATE MFA0:20JUL.BCK/LABEL=WKLY03 DMA0:[FRANKIE]
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This sequence of commands performs the following tasks:
- Determines that the file ORIGINAL.DAT is 35 blocks long.
- Copies ORIGINAL.DAT to EXTENDED.DAT, allocating 500 blocks for
EXTENDED.DAT.
- Saves the file EXTENDED.DAT to a save set named 20JUL.BCK on MFA0.
BACKUP writes the file allocation size in the file header record of the
saved file but saves only 35 blocks in the save set.
- Restores the save set file on MFA0 to a volume mounted on DMA0 and
truncates the output files at the EOF. The restored file is 35 blocks
long.
/VERIFY
Command Qualifier
Specifies that the contents of the output specifier be compared with
the contents of the input specifier after a save, restore, or copy
operation is completed.
Format
/VERIFY input-specifier output-specifier
Description
The /VERIFY qualifier is different from the command qualifier /COMPARE.
Unlike the /VERIFY qualifier, the command qualifier /COMPARE cannot be
used in a save, restore, copy, or list operation. The /VERIFY qualifier
directs BACKUP to perform the copy, save, or restore operation first
and then to perform the compare operation.
On file-structured copy operations, each file is compared after it is
copied. On physical copy operations, the volume is compared after it is
copied. For a save or restore operation, the verification is performed
in a separate pass and is preceded by the following informational
message:
%BACKUP-I-STARTVERIFY, starting verification pass
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If a file does not compare successfully, BACKUP displays the following
error message:
%BACKUP-E-VERIFYERR, verification error for block 'block-number'
of 'disk:[directory]file_name.file_type;version_number'
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The /VERIFY qualifier does not work on a restore or copy operation when
the /NEW_VERSION output file qualifier is also used. Because the
/NEW_VERSION qualifier reassigns output file versions, it is not
possible to correctly associate the created output files with the input
files from which they were copied.
Example
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$ BACKUP/VERIFY/LOG *.LIS MFA0:LIST.BCK
%BACKUP-S-COPIED, copied DISK$DEFAULT:[WONDER]CRE.LIS;1
%BACKUP-S-COPIED, copied DISK$DEFAULT:[WONDER]CRETIME.LIS;1
%BACKUP-S-COPIED, copied DISK$DEFAULT:[WONDER]EXC.LIS;1
%BACKUP-S-COPIED, copied DISK$DEFAULT:[WONDER]NOREB.LIS;1
%BACKUP-S-COPIED, copied DISK$DEFAULT:[WONDER]REB.LIS;1
%BACKUP-S-COPIED, copied DISK$DEFAULT:[WONDER]SETREB.LIS;1
%BACKUP-S-COPIED, copied DISK$DEFAULT:[WONDER]VERS.LIS;1
%BACKUP-I-STARTVERIFY, starting verification pass
%BACKUP-S-COMPARED, compared DISK$DEFAULT:[WONDER]CRE.LIS;1
%BACKUP-S-COMPARED, compared DISK$DEFAULT:[WONDER]CRETIME.LIS;1
%BACKUP-S-COMPARED, compared DISK$DEFAULT:[WONDER]EXC.LIS;1
%BACKUP-S-COMPARED, compared DISK$DEFAULT:[WONDER]NOREB.LIS;1
%BACKUP-S-COMPARED, compared DISK$DEFAULT:[WONDER]REB.LIS;1
%BACKUP-S-COMPARED, compared DISK$DEFAULT:[WONDER]SETREB.LIS;1
%BACKUP-S-COMPARED, compared DISK$DEFAULT:[WONDER]VERS.LIS;1
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This example creates a magnetic tape save set on MFA0 and starts the
verification pass after the save operation is completed. The /LOG
qualifier displays the file names as they are processed.
/VOLUME
Command Qualifier
Indicates that a specific disk volume in a disk volume set is to be
processed. The /VOLUME qualifier is valid only when used with the
/IMAGE qualifier.
Format
/IMAGE/VOLUME= n input-specifier output-specifier
Description
The /VOLUME qualifier allows you to perform an image save, restore, or
copy operation using one more disk drive than the number of disks in
the input volume set. When you use /VOLUME, you must write-lock the
entire input volume set.
When you perform an image copy or save operation with the /VOLUME
qualifier, all disks in the input volume set must be mounted. Mount the
volumes of the target volume set one at a time. Enter a separate BACKUP
command for each disk in the input volume set. A save set created with
the /VOLUME qualifier must be restored using the /VOLUME qualifier.
You can restore any image save set with the /VOLUME qualifier. All
disks in the output volume set must be mounted. Mount the disks in the
input volume set one at a time. You cannot use the command qualifier
/NOINITIALIZE in the restore operation with the command qualifier
/VOLUME.
In a compare operation that uses the /VOLUME qualifier to compare two
disk volume sets, all disks in both volume sets must be mounted. In a
selected-volume compare operation between a save set on tape and a disk
volume set, all disks in the disk volume set must be mounted.
Example
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$ BACKUP/IMAGE/VOLUME=3 DISK$PUBLIC DRA1:
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This command creates a functionally equivalent copy of the third volume
of a volume set named DISK$PUBLIC to DRA1. The disk mounted in DRA1
becomes the third volume of the image-copy volume set.
Examples
| #1 |
$ BACKUP
_From: DBA1:[000000...]
_To: MTA0:13NOVBAK.BCK,MTA1:/LABEL=(DLY101,DLY102)
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This BACKUP command saves the entire contents of the disk DBA1 onto a
multivolume tape save set. This command does not initialize the first
tape in the save set, but does initialize subsequent tapes. The first
tape in the save set must be labeled DLY101 and the second tape in the
save set must be labeled DLY102.
| #2 |
$ BACKUP [PLI.WORK]/SINCE=YESTERDAY/MODIFIED [PLI.SAV]
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This BACKUP command copies selected files in the directory [PLI.WORK]
to the directory [PLI.SAV]. BACKUP processes only those files that have
been modified since 24 hours preceding midnight last night. Note that
the /MODIFIED qualifier is not required, as its action is the default
when the /SINCE qualifier is specified.
| #3 |
$ BACKUP DBA2:[PLI.WORK]*.*; DBA3:[SAVE]23MAR82.BCK/SAVE_SET
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This BACKUP command saves the highest version of each file in directory
[PLI.WORK] to a disk save set on DBA3. The /SAVE_SET qualifier is
required because the output save set is on a Files-11 disk.
| #4 |
$ BACKUP/PHYSICAL DYA0: DYA1:
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This BACKUP command copies the entire RX02 floppy disk mounted on
device DYA0 to the RX02 floppy disk mounted on device DYA1. Both
devices must have been mounted with the DCL command MOUNT/FOREIGN.
| #5 |
$ BACKUP
_From: DB1:[SCHED]*.*
_To: DENVER::DBA2:[SAVE]SCH.BCK/SAVE_SET
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This BACKUP command saves all files in the directory SCHED on disk DB1
at the local node to the network save set SCH.BCK at remote node
DENVER. The /SAVE_SET qualifier is required to identify the output
specifier as a save set on a Files-11 disk.
| #6 |
$ BACKUP/LIST DENVER::DBA2:[SAVE]SCH.BCK/SAVE_SET
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This BACKUP command lists the BACKUP summary information, the original
BACKUP command used, and the file name, size, and creation date for
each file in the save set created in the previous example. The
/SAVE_SET qualifier is required to identify the input specifier as a
save set on a Files-11 device.
| #7 |
$ BACKUP MTA0:NOV2SAVE.BCK/REWIND/SELECT=[USER...] [USER...]
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This command restores files from the magnetic tape save set named
NOV2SAVE.BCK to the directory tree from which they were saved (the
[USER] directory tree). The /REWIND qualifier directs BACKUP to rewind
the tape to the beginning-of-tape before beginning the restore
operation.
| #8 |
$ BACKUP WORK$:[TESTFILES...]*.*;* MUA0:TEST.SAV -
_$ /MEDIA_FORMAT=COMPACTION /REWIND
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This command saves all files in the directory [TESTFILES] and its
subdirectories to a save set named TEST.SAV using a TA90E tape drive.
The /MEDIA_FORMAT=COMPACTION qualifier specifies that the tape drive
automatically compacts and blocks together data records on the tape.
| #9 |
$ BACKUP/IMAGE/RECORD/VERIFY/NOASSIST
_From: DKA100:
_To: MKB100:MAR11.SAV/LABEL=(TAPE1,TAPE2,TAPE3)/EXACT_ORDER
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This example uses the /EXACT_ORDER qualifier to specify the exact order
of labels for the BACKUP operation. Note that if you specify the
/ASSIST qualifier, BACKUP would display messages on the operator
terminal. BACKUP performs the following tasks:
- Compares the volume label of the tape in MKB100: with the first
label that you specified on the command line (TAPE1). If the labels
match exactly, BACKUP begins the save operation. If the labels do not
match or if the tape does not have an ANSI label, BACKUP displays the
following message:
%BACKUP-W-MOUNTERR, volume 1 on MKB100: was not mounted because
its label does not match the one requested
%BACKUP-W-EXLABEER, volume label processing failed because
volume TAPE4 is out of order, Volume label TAPE1 was expected
specify option (QUIT, NEW tape, OVERWRITE tape, USE loaded tape)
BACKUP> OVERWRITE
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Depending on the option you specify, you can quit the backup
operation (QUIT), dismount the old tape and mount a new one (NEW),
overwrite the label and the data on the tape (OVERWRITE), or write the
data to the tape using the loaded tape's label (USE).
- When the operation fills the first tape, it displays the following
message:
%BACKUP-I-RESUME, resuming operation on volume 2
%BACKUP-I-READYWRITE, mount volume TAPE2 on MKB100: for writing
Respond with YES when ready:
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- When you load the second tape and enter YES, BACKUP compares the
label of the second tape with the second label you specified on the
command line (TAPE2) just as it did in step 1a.
- Assuming the volume labels match, BACKUP continues processing until
it completes the operation or runs out of volume labels. If you do not
specify enough labels on the command line to complete the operation,
BACKUP prompts you to enter a label for the tape in the drive as
follows:
%BACKUP-W-MOUNTERR, volume 4 on MKB100: was not mounted because
the label was not specified
specify EXACT_ORDER label (up to 6 characters)
BACKUP>
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BACKUP then compares the label on the tape with label you specify
as described previously.
| #10 |
$ BACKUP/IMAGE/RECORD/VERIFY/NOASSIST
_From: DKA100:[TEST]
_To: MKB100:MAR11.SAV/EXACT_ORDER
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Because this example does not use the /LABEL qualifier, BACKUP uses the
existing label on the tape. If the tape does not have an ANSI label,
and it is the first tape in the operation, BACKUP displays the
following error message:
%BACKUP-F-NOTANSI, tape is not valid ANSI format
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If the tape does not have an ANSI label, and is not the first tape in
the operation, BACKUP displays the following error message prompting
you to specify a label:
%BACKUP-W-MOUNTERR, volume 2 on MKB100: was not mounted because
the label was not specified
specify EXACT_ORDER label (up to 6 characters)
BACKUP>
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Note
BACKUP checks to make sure you specify a valid label. If the label is
not valid (for example, longer than six characters), BACKUP displays an
error message. In previous versions of the OpenVMS operating system,
BACKUP truncated long volume labels.
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/WINDOW
Specifies the number of mapping pointers to be allocated for file
windows.
Format
/WINDOW=[FULL]LIMITED
Description
By default, file window has 7 mapping pointers and it increases as file
is more fragmented. Window is taken from nonpaged pool and is charged
against process BYTLM quota. This may result in performance degrade
when BACKUP tries to map the 8th extent of the file. Contiguous files
are always completely mapped, but noncontiguous files may or may not be
completely mapped.
You can use the following keywords with the /WINDOW qualifier:
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FULL
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Default full mapping.
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LIMITED
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Optional limited size window.
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7.6 BACKUP Examples
Table 7-3 shows BACKUP command formats for save operations and some
of the qualifiers you can use with a save operation.
Table 7-3 Save Operation Quick Reference
| Command Action |
Command Format and Example |
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Saves a file to a save set on magnetic tape
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BACKUP file-spec save-set-specifier/LABEL=label
$ BACKUP STRATDAT1.DAT MTA0:STRATDAT1.BCK/LABEL=TAPE01
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Saves the most recent versions of files in a directory to magnetic tape
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BACKUP [directory]*.*; save-set-specifier/LABEL=label
$ BACKUP [LYKINS...]*.*; MTA0:1409MAR17.BCK/LABEL=WKY102
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Saves a disk volume to a save set on magnetic tape
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BACKUP/IMAGE ddcu: save-set-specifier/LABEL=label
$ BACKUP/IMAGE DBA1: MTA0:000FEB4.BCK/LABEL=MTH101
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Saves a disk volume to a multivolume save set on more than one magnetic
tape drive
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BACKUP/IMAGE ddcu: save-set-specifier,ddcu:.../LABEL=(label1,...)
$ BACKUP/IMAGE DBA1: MTA0:17MAR.BCK,MTA1:/ -
_$ LABEL=(WKY101,WKY102)
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Saves a list of files to a save set on magnetic tape
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BACKUP file-spec,file-spec,... save-set-specifier/LABEL=label
$ BACKUP DBA1:[LYKINS...]*.PAS,DMA0:[DAKOTA...]*.PAS -
_$ MTA0:PAS17MAR.BCK/LABEL=TAPE01
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Saves a disk volume for incremental backups for the first time
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BACKUP/RECORD/IMAGE/LOG ddcu: save-set-specifier/LABEL=label
$ BACKUP/RECORD/IMAGE/LOG DBA1: MTA0:985FEB4.BCK/ -
_$ LABEL=DLY101
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Saves a disk volume for incremental backups (not the first time)
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BACKUP/RECORD/FAST/LOG ddcu:[*...]/SINCE=BACKUP
save-set-specifier/LABEL=label
$ BACKUP/RECORD/FAST/LOG DBA1:[*...]/SINCE=BACKUP -
_$ MTA0:988FEB4.BCK/LABEL=DLY101
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Saves an unstructured disk volume
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BACKUP/PHYSICAL ddcu: save-set-specifier/LABEL=label
$ BACKUP/PHYSICAL DMA1: MTA0:985FEB4.BCK/LABEL=MTH101
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Saves a directory to a save set on a Files--11 disk
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BACKUP [directory] save-set-specifier/SAVE_SET
$ BACKUP [LYKINS] DBA2:[BACKUP]1609FEB3.BCK/SAVE_SET
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Saves a directory tree to a save set on magnetic tape
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BACKUP [directory...] save-set-specifier/LABEL=label
$ BACKUP [LYKINS...] MTA0:1612FEB3.BCK/LABEL=TAPE01
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Saves a directory tree to a save set on magnetic tape and creates a
listing file
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BACKUP/LIST=file-spec [directory...] save-set-specifier/LABEL=label
$ BACKUP/LIST=8SEP.LOG [LYKINS...] MTA0:8SEP.BCK/LABEL=WKL101
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Saves a directory tree to a save set on magnetic tape using data
compaction to increase the amount of data stored on a tape cartridge
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BACKUP [directory...] save-set-specifier/MEDIA_FORMAT=COMPACTION
$ BACKUP [TESTFILES...]*.*;*
MUA0:TEST.SAV/MEDIA_FORMAT=COMPACTION/REWIND
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Table 7-4 shows BACKUP command formats for restore operations and
some of the qualifiers you can use with restore operations. In the
examples in this table, it is assumed that save sets already exist on
the magnetic tape and disk.
Table 7-4 Restore Operation Quick Reference
| Command Action |
Command Format and Example |
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Restores from save set on disk to Files--11 disk with original UICs
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BACKUP save-set-specifier/SAVE_SET ddcu:[*...]/BY_OWNER=ORIGINAL
$ BACKUP DBA2:[BACKUP]FEB2.BCK/SAVE_SET DBA1:[*...]-
_$/BY_OWNER=ORIGINAL
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Restores from a save set on magnetic tape to a Files--11 disk with
original UICs
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BACKUP save-set-specifier ddcu:[*...]/BY_OWNER=ORIGINAL
$ BACKUP MTA0:1618FEB2.BCK DBA1:[*...]/BY_OWNER=ORIGINAL
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Restores a selected file in a save set on magnetic tape to a Files--11
disk
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BACKUP save-set-specifier/SELECT=file-spec file-spec
$ BACKUP MTA0:FEB2.BCK/SELECT=[POUDRE]UPLIFT.PAS -
_$ DBA1:[GEO.PAS]UPLIFT.PAS
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Restores files with a specific UIC to a Files--11 disk
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BACKUP save-set-specifier/BY_OWNER=[uic] file-spec
$ BACKUP MTA0:1641FEB2.BCK/BY_OWNER=[360,052] -
_$ DBA1:[LYKINS...]
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Restores files to a Files--11 disk with a new UIC
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BACKUP save-set-specifier file-spec/BY_OWNER=[uic]
$ BACKUP MTA0:1641FEB2.BCK -
_$ DBA1:[TESTS...]/BY_OWNER=[100,150]
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Restores files to a Files--11 disk; if file exists, creates new version
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BACKUP save-set-specifier file-spec/NEW_VERSION
$ BACKUP MTA0:1641FEB2.BCK DBA1:[LYKINS...]/NEW_VERSION
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Restores files to a Files--11 disk; if file exists, replaces with new
version
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BACKUP save-set-specifier file-spec/REPLACE
$ BACKUP MTA0:1641FEB2.BCK DBA1:[LYKINS...]/REPLACE
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Restores files to a Files--11 disk selecting certain files
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BACKUP save-set-specifier/SELECT=file-spec file-spec
$ BACKUP MTA0:1641FEB2.BCK/SELECT=[LYKINS.PAS] -
_$ DBA1:[LYKINS...]
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Restores a directory tree, placing files in a different subtree
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BACKUP save-set-specifier/SELECT=[directory...] [directory2...]
$ BACKUP MTA0:1641FEB2.BCK/SELECT=[FIELD...] -
_$ DBA1:[LYKINS.NEWDATA...]
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Restores a Files--11 volume from a physical save set
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BACKUP/PHYSICAL save-set-specifier ddcu:
$ BACKUP/PHYSICAL MTA0:26MAR.BCK DMA3:
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Restores a Files--11 volume from an image save set
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BACKUP/IMAGE save-set-specifier ddcu:
$ BACKUP/IMAGE MTA0:17AUG.BCK DRA3:
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Restores a Files--11 volume, maintaining the initialization parameters
specified in the DCL command INITIALIZE
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INITIALIZE ddcu: volume-name/new-parameters
MOUNT/FOREIGN ddcu:
BACKUP/IMAGE save-set-specifier ddcu:/NOINITIALIZE
$ INITIALIZE DBA1: UTTLPACK/CLUSTER=5
$ MOUNT/FOREIGN DBA1:
$ BACKUP/IMAGE MTA0:17AUG.BCK DBA1:/NOINITIALIZE
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